PYS 1.2–4: Anhalten der Vṛtti
PYS 1.2–4: Anhalten der Vṛtti

Yogaśāstra 1.2–4: Citta-Nirodha and Puruṣa

Yoga is the cessation of citta-vṛtti. Then the seer abides in its own form; otherwise the seer's activity appears identical with the vṛtti.

Dr. Ronald Steiner Dr. Ronald Steiner Laura von Ostrowski Laura von Ostrowski
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 1.2
योगश्चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः ||2||
yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ ||2|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
yogaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
yoga
citta
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
of Citta, the inner organ
vṛtti
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive feminine
of the fluctuations
nirodhaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
restraint, suppression
Yoga (yogaḥ | nom sg) [is] the suppression of the fluctuations of Citta [the inner cognitive organ] (citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Yoga begins where the constant inner doing grows quieter. Do not force stillness (nirodha); notice the small spaces between thoughts, breaths, and movements.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

Because the Sūtra does not expressly say “all” vṛtti, the Vyāsa-Bhāṣya also counts saṃprajñāta-yoga as yoga. The three-guṇa citta appears differently according to its mixture: its sattva, mixed with rajas and tamas, delights in power and sense objects; pervaded by tamas, it tends toward unrighteousness, ignorance, attachment, and powerlessness; when delusion has diminished and only rajas remains, it tends toward righteousness, knowledge, dispassion, and power. When even the residue of rajas disappears, only discrimination between sattva and Puruṣa remains and leads into dharmamegha meditation. Finally becoming dispassionate even toward this discriminative knowledge, citta restrains it as well; only saṃskāras remain. The text calls this nirbīja or asaṃprajñāta-samādhi. Yoga as the restraint of citta-vṛtti is thus twofold.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Concentration (Yoga) is the hindering of the modifications of the thinking principle.
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
Yoga is the suppression of the functions of internal organ.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Der Yoga ist die Unterdrückung der Funktionen des Bewusstseins.
Paul Deussen - 1908
Yoga is the restriction of the fluctuations of mind-stuff.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 1.3
तदा द्रष्टुः स्वरूपे ऽवस्थानम् ||3||
tadā draṣṭuḥ svarūpe 'vasthānam ||3|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
tadā
adverb
then
draṣṭuḥ
genitive singular
substantive masculine
of the Seer
svarūpe
lokative singular
substantive neuter
in his own form
avasthānam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
abiding
Then (tadā) [there is] the abiding (avasthānam | nom sg) of the Seer (draṣṭuḥ | gen sg) in his own form (svarūpe | loc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
When every inner movement no longer carries your attention away, the open space of awareness (draṣṭṛ) becomes tangible. Rest in that spaciousness for a moment without having to explain yourself.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

When citta in this condition no longer presents any object, the seer's unchanging power of consciousness abides in its own form—as it does in kaivalya. Even when citta has emerged into activity, that power remains so in essence, but does not appear in the same way.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Then (i.e., at the time of concentration) it (the soul) abides in the form of the spectator (without a spectacle).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
Then there is an abiding of the spectator in its own form.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Dann wird erreicht das Bestehen des Sehers (des puruṣa) in seiner eigenen Natur.
Paul Deussen - 1908
Then the Seer [that is, the Self] abides in himself.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 1.4
वृत्तिसारूप्यमितरत्र ||4||
vṛtti-sārūpyam itaratra ||4|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
vṛtti
tatpuruṣa-compound instrumental case
substantive feminine
with the fluctuations
sārūpyam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
conformity
itaratra
adverb
otherwise, at other times
Otherwise (itaratra), [for the Seer there is] conformity with the fluctuations [of Citta] (vṛtti-sārūpyam | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
A thought or feeling (vṛtti) can temporarily feel like your entire identity. Name what is present, feel your feet, and make a little space around it.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

In the emergent state, the Puruṣa's activity is indistinguishable from the respective citta-vṛtti. The Bhāṣya compares citta to a lodestone: by mere proximity it serves Puruṣa as its master and becomes the seen for him. The text explains Puruṣa's awareness of the citta-vṛtti through this beginningless relation, not through a transformation of Puruṣa.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
At other times (than that of concentration) it (the soul) is in the same form as the modifications (of the internal organ).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
At other times, conformity to the functions.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Im andern Falle teilt er die Natur der Funktionen.
Paul Deussen - 1908
At other times it [the Self] takes the same form as the fluctuations [of mind-stuff].
James Haughton Woods - 1914

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Dr. Ronald Steiner

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The "Yoga Doc" - Dr. Ronald Steiner is the founder of the AYI method. This method links traditional Ashtanga Yoga with innovative Yogatherapy and living Philosophy. This forms a practice that is personal for each and... more ›

Laura von Ostrowski

Ich bin 2004 das erste Mal mit Yoga in Berührung gekommen und habe seitdem unendlich viele Facetten kennengelernt. Einerseits die vielfältigen praktischen Seiten von Yoga - in Form verschiedener Ausbildungen (500 h... more ›

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J
Hallo lieber Ronald,
ich habe eine Frage: Nach Ballantyne ist die Seele der Beobachter/draṣṭr̥ ? Verstehe ich das richtig?
Liebe Grüße
Jan
Geniale Übersetzung!!!
Diese Hingabe und Klarheit wie du es in Worte umsetzt ist wundervoll!!
Wau. Danke. Das Yoga Sutra hat immer wieder neue Facetten und bleibt spannend.
H
Ich mag "Innerer Wahrnehmungsraum" für citta sehr. In Englisch klappt es auch (inner space of perception). Es beschreibt genau das, was ich als citta wahrnehme.
Wau. Freue mich. An sich eine so offensichtliche Übersetzung, und doch habe ich lange gebraucht um darauf zu kommen. Viel Freude Dir.
So einfach, diese Sätze und doch so reich, wenn sich durch beständige Übung Ruhe und Stille einstellen.