PYS 1.34–39: Sechs Stützen
PYS 1.34–39: Sechs Stützen

Yogaśāstra 1.34–39: Ways to Stabilize Citta

Expelling and retaining the breath, extraordinary sense experience, inner light, a dispassionate citta, dream or sleep knowledge, and a chosen object provide stability.

Dr. Ronald Steiner Dr. Ronald Steiner Laura von Ostrowski Laura von Ostrowski
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 1.34
प्रच्छर्दनविधारणाभ्यां वा प्राणस्य ||34||
pracchardana-vidhāraṇābhyāṃ vā prāṇasya ||34|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
pracchardana
dvandva-compound
substantive neuter
expulsion
vidhāraṇābhyām
instrumental case dual
substantive neuter
retention
vā
particle
or
prāṇasya
genitive singular
substantive masculine
of breath
Or (vā), through expulsion and retention (pracchardana-vidhāraṇābhyām | ins du) of the breath (prāṇasya | gen sg), [there arises clarification of Citta].
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Allow the exhalation to lengthen only while it remains effortless. Let a natural pause follow without holding the breath; if you feel tightness, dizziness, or unease, return immediately to free breathing.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

Pracchardana is the forceful expulsion of air from the abdomen through both nostrils; vidhāraṇa is its retention and is identified as prāṇāyāma. Both are to be used to establish steadiness of mind.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Or, he may combat distractions, by forcibly expelling and by restraining the breath.
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
Or by expulsion and retention of breath.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Oder durch das Ausstoßen und Zurückhalten des Atems [kann Beruhigung des Cittam erreicht werden].
Paul Deussen - 1908
Or [he gains stability] by expulsion and retention of breath.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 1.35
विषयवती वा प्रवृत्तिरुत्पन्ना मनसः स्थितिनिबन्धनी ||35||
viṣayavatī vā pravṛttir utpannā manasaḥ sthiti-nibandhanī ||35|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
viṣayavatī
nominative singular feminine
adjective
related to an object
vā
particle
or
pravṛttiḥ
nominative singular
substantive feminine
sense activity
utpannā
nominative singular feminine past participle passive
previx
verbal root
arisen
manasaḥ
genitive singular
substantive neuter
for the mind
sthiti
tatpuruṣa-compound dative
substantive feminine
stability
nibandhanī
nominative singular feminine
adjective
securing
Or (vā), when arisen (utpannā | nom sg f), sense activity (pravṛttiḥ | nom sg) related to a [sense] object (viṣayavatī | nom sg f) [becomes] stability-securing (sthiti-nibandhanī | nom sg f) for the mind (manasaḥ | gen sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Let one simple sensory experience—a sound, a touch, or a colour—gather your attention. Stay curious without trying to hold on to it.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

The Bhāṣya understands viṣayavatī pravṛtti as extraordinary sensory perception: concentration on the tip of the nose produces divine smell, on the tip of the tongue taste, on the palate color, on the middle of the tongue touch, and on the root of the tongue sound; the same principle applies to the sun, moon, planets, jewels, or rays of lamps. Such experiences stabilize citta, dispel doubt, and open the way to samādhi-prajñā. Direct experience of at least one taught detail is intended to establish confidence in scripture, inference, and the teacher's word, as well as in subtle realities extending to liberation.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Or a sensous immediate, cognition being produced, may serve as a cause of the steadiness (of the mind).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
Or Cognition resulting from sensuous objects may be the cause of steadiness.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Oder eine auf [vergeistigte] Objekte bezügliche Tätigkeit, wenn gelingend, ist Veranlassung des Beharrens [in der Beruhigung des Cittam].
Paul Deussen - 1908
Or [he gains stability when] a sense-activity arises connected with an object [and] bringing the central-organ into a relation of stability.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 1.36
विशोका वा ज्योतिष्मती ||36||
viśokā vā jyotiṣmatī ||36|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
viśokā
nominative singular feminine
adjective
sorrowless
vā
particle
or
jyotiṣmatī
nominative singular feminine
adjective
luminous
Or (vā), [sense activity that is] sorrowless (viśokā | nom sg f) and luminous (jyotiṣmatī | nom sg f) [stabilises the mind].
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Imagine a steady inner light (jyotiṣmatī). It need not displace sadness; perhaps it can remind you that clarity and pain may both have room.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

The Bhāṣya describes two sorrowless, luminous vṛtti. When one concentrates on the lotus of the heart, the naturally luminous, space-like buddhi-sattva is experienced in the form of light from the sun, moon, planets, jewels, or lamps. In asmitā-samāpatti, by contrast, citta becomes like a waveless ocean: tranquil, boundless, and nothing but “I am.” Both luminous experiences give citta stability.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Or a luminous (immediate cognition, being produced) free from sorrow (may serve as a cause of the steadiness of the mind).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
Or the sorrowless, luminous.—
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Oder eine kummerfreie, lichtvolle [Geistesstimmung ist Veranlassung dieses Beharrens].
Paul Deussen - 1908
Or an undistressed [and] luminous [sense-activity when arisen brings the central-organ into a relation of stability].
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 1.37
वीतरागविषयं वा चित्तम् ||37||
vīta-rāga-viṣayaṃ vā cittam ||37|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
vīta
bahuvrīhi-compund past participle passive
previx
verbal root
free from
rāga
bahuvrīhi-compund
substantive masculine
passion
viṣayam
nominative singular neuter
substantive masculine
having as object
vā
particle
or
cittam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
Citta
Or (vā), a Citta (cittam | nom sg) that has as its object [the Citta] of one free from passion (vīta-rāga-viṣayam | nom sg n) [attains stability].
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Recall someone whose calm is not indifference. For a few moments, let your breath, face, and posture receive something of that quality without imitating the person.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

When the yogin's citta is colored by a dispassionate citta as its support, it gains stability according to the Bhāṣya.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Or the thought, taking as its objects some one devoid of passion (may find what will serve as a cause of the steadiness of the mind).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
Or the internal organ having for its object the passionless.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Oder ein auf leidenschaftslose Dinge bezügliches Denken [ist Veranlassung dieses Beharrens].
Paul Deussen - 1908
Or the mind-stuff [reaches the stable state] by having as its object [a mind-stuff] freed from passion.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 1.38
स्वप्ननिद्राज्ञानालम्बनं वा ||38||
svapna-nidrā-jñānālambanaṃ vā ||38|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
svapna
dvandva-compound
substantive masculine
dream
nidrā
dvandva-compound
substantive feminine
sleep
jñāna
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
cognition
ālambanam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
as support
vā
particle
or
Or (vā), [a Citta] that takes cognition from dream or sleep as its support (svapna-nidrā-jñānālambanam | nom sg) [attains stability].
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
On waking, stay for a moment with the mood of a dream or the quality of sleep (nidrā) before reaching for your phone. Notice one trace, then allow it to move on.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

The yogin's citta can assume the form of either a dream cognition or a sleep cognition and gain stability by taking it as a support.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Or the dwelling on knowledge (that presents itself) in dream or in sleep (may serve as a cause of the steadiness of the mind).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
Or that depending on knowledge resulting from dream or sleep.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Oder sie [die Veranlassung dieses Beharrens] ist bedingt durch eine [die objektive Kontemplation begünstigende] auf Traum und Schlaf rückbezügliche Erkenntnis.
Paul Deussen - 1908
Or [the mind-stuff reaches the stable state] by having as the supporting-object a perception in dream or in sleep.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 1.39
यथाभिमतध्यानाद्वा ||39||
yathābhimata-dhyānād vā ||39|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
yathā
avyayībhāva-compund
adverb
according to
abhimata
karmadhāraya-compound past participle passive
previx
verbal root
one's preference
dhyānāt
ablative singular
substantive neuter
through meditation
vā
particle
or
Or (vā), through meditation according to one's preference (yathābhimata-dhyānāt | abl sg), [Citta attains stability].
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Choose a meditation object that genuinely steadies you: breath, movement, image, sound, or a meaningful word. Its suitability for you matters more than its prestige.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

The yogin should meditate on precisely the object he desires. Once citta has gained stability on that object, the Bhāṣya says, it gains stability on other objects as well.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Or (the steadying of the mind may be affected) by pondering anything that one approves.
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
Or by meditating according to one’s predilection.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Oder durch eine beliebige Meditation [erfolgt die Beruhigung des Cittam].
Paul Deussen - 1908
Or [the mind-stuff reaches the stable state] by contemplation upon any such an object as is desired.
James Haughton Woods - 1914

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Dr. Ronald Steiner

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The "Yoga Doc" - Dr. Ronald Steiner is the founder of the AYI method. This method links traditional Ashtanga Yoga with innovative Yogatherapy and living Philosophy. This forms a practice that is personal for each and... more ›

Laura von Ostrowski

Ich bin 2004 das erste Mal mit Yoga in Berührung gekommen und habe seitdem unendlich viele Facetten kennengelernt. Einerseits die vielfältigen praktischen Seiten von Yoga - in Form verschiedener Ausbildungen (500 h... more ›

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Wow, kummerloses Leuchten, fantastisch!
Die Meditationstechniken von Patanjali. Immer wieder eine Inspiration.