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Seated figure with a broad arc of breath and a small copper vessel.
Seated figure with a broad arc of breath and a small copper vessel.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10: Breathing forms, inner images and the measure of time

Eight breathing forms open the collection. Further variants combine breath passages, inner images and chains of practice. Stages and time measures close it.

Dr. Ronald Steiner Dr. Ronald Steiner
Seated figure between a dry branch and fresh foliage.
Seated figure between a dry branch and fresh foliage.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.0*1–5: Sītkā, Śītalī and Sūryabheda through the seasons

Sītkā and Śītalī are described as cooling, Sūryabheda as warming. The introduction links breath retention with purifying the channels, Unmanī and Śāṃbhavī.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.0*1
atha kumbhaka-saṃgraha-samāsaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] a summary of the collection of breath retentions (kumbhaka-saṃgraha-samāsaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.0*2
tatrādau kumbhakāṣṭakam |
Metre: none
At the beginning (ādau | loc sg), therein (tatra), [stands] the group of eight breath retentions (kumbhakāṣṭakam | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.1
tṛṣā-dāha-pitta-śrama-ghnīṃ ca sītkāṃ; bhajec chītalīṃ sādhako vā sadaiva | jvarādau tathā grīṣma-kāle 'tha haime; budhaḥ sūrya-bhedaṃ kaphe mārute ca ||1||
Metre: Bhujaṅgaprayāta
And (ca) the practitioner (sādhakaḥ | nom sg) should always (sadā) practise (bhajet | 3p sg act opt) the hissing breath Sītkā (sītkām | acc sg), which removes thirst, burning, Pitta and fatigue (tṛṣā-dāha-pitta-śrama-ghnīm | acc sg f), or (vā) Śītalī (śītalīm | acc sg), indeed (eva) in cases of fever and the like (jvarādau | loc sg), and likewise (tathā) in summertime (grīṣma-kāle | loc sg). Then (atha), in the wintry [season] (haime | loc sg m), in cases of Kapha (kaphe | loc sg) and (ca) wind (mārute | loc sg), one who understands (budhaḥ | nom sg) [should practise] Sūryabheda, [the] piercing of the sun (sūrya-bhedam | acc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.2
bahu-gadākalito 'py a-balo muniḥ; pavana-sandharaṇābhyasanād bhṛśam | na manute śamanād damanaṃ manāg; gata-bhayo bhuvi saṃyata-mānasaḥ ||2||
Metre: Drutavilambita
Even (api) a sage (muniḥ | nom sg) afflicted by many diseases (bahu-gadākalitaḥ | nom sg m ppp) [and] without strength (a-balaḥ | nom sg m), through intense (bhṛśam) practice of holding the breath (pavana-sandharaṇābhyasanāt | abl sg), does not (na) expect (manute | 3p sg med pres) in the slightest (manāk) to be overpowered (damanam | acc sg) by the god of death (śamanāt | abl sg). [He lives] on earth (bhuvi | loc sg), his fear gone (gata-bhayaḥ | nom sg m) [and] his mind restrained (saṃyata-mānasaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.3
vidhivad uti-samīraṇa-prarodhair; vapuṣi śirā-valaye viśodhite 'ntaḥ | viśati marud araṃ mahā-pathāsye; haṭhaṃ ca* vinā bhujagī mukhaṃ hy apāsya ||3||
Metre: Puṣpitāgrā
When the network of vessels (śirā-valaye | loc absl sg) within (antaḥ) the body (vapuṣi | loc sg) has been purified (viśodhite | loc absl sg m ppp) according to the prescribed method (vidhivat) through restraints of the upward-directed breath (uti-samīraṇa-prarodhaiḥ | ins pl), the breath (marut | nom sg) enters (viśati | 3p sg act pres) the mouth of the great path (mahā-pathāsye | loc sg) easily (aram) [and] (ca) without (vinā) force (haṭham | acc sg). For (hi) the serpent (bhujagī | nom sg) [has] withdrawn (apāsya | abs) its mouth (mukham | acc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.4
yadā māruto madhya-sañcāra-dakṣaḥ; tadā cittam etan muneḥ sthairyam eti | manaḥ-sthairyam uktonmanīṃ yā daśā sā; hṛdaḥ syāt tadā śāṃbhavī-siddhi-dāsya ||4||
Metre: Bhujaṅgaprayāta
When (yadā) the breath (mārutaḥ | nom sg) [is] skilled in flowing through the middle (madhya-sañcāra-dakṣaḥ | nom sg m), then (tadā) this (etat | nom sg n) mind (cittam | nom sg) of the sage (muneḥ | gen sg) reaches (eti | 3p sg act pres) steadiness (sthairyam | acc sg). That (sā | nom sg f) state (daśā | nom sg) of the heart (hṛdaḥ | gen sg), which (yā | nom sg f) [is] called (uktā | nom sg f ppp) steadiness of mind (manaḥ-sthairyam | nom sg) [and] Unmanī (unmanīm | acc sg), may (syāt | 3p sg act opt) then (tadā) grant the accomplishment of Śāṃbhavī (śāṃbhavī-siddhi-dā | nom sg f) to him (asya | gen sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.5
tat-siddhaye sādhu-vidhāna-vijñā; kurvanti dhīrā vividhāṃś ca kumbhakān | vicitra-kumbhābhyasanād vicitrāṃ; su-sādhakāḥ siddhi-gaṇān bhajanti te ||5||
Metre: Pāda 1: Indravajrā; Pāda 2: Indravaṃśā; Pāda 3: Upendravajrā; Pāda 4: Vaṃśastha
For its accomplishment (tat-siddhaye | dat sg), the composed [practitioners] (dhīrāḥ | nom pl m), who know the proper procedure (sādhu-vidhāna-vijñāḥ | nom pl m), also (ca) perform (kurvanti | 3p pl act pres) various (vividhān | acc pl m) breath retentions (kumbhakān | acc pl). Through practising manifold breath retentions (vicitra-kumbhābhyasanāt | abl sg), those (te | nom pl m) practitioners who practise correctly (su-sādhakāḥ | nom pl) attain (bhajanti | 3p pl act pres) varied (vicitrām | acc sg f) hosts of accomplishments (siddhi-gaṇān | acc pl).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Figure in profile with a small sun and a golden line of breath.
Figure in profile with a small sun and a golden line of breath.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.5*1–6*1: Sūryabhedana / Sūryabheda: Breathing through the solar channel

Sūryabhedana, also called Sūryabheda, combines slow inhalation through the solar channel with retention and slow exhalation. The text describes it as warming.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.5*1
atha sūrya-bhedana-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the Sūryabhedana breath retention, [the] piercing of the sun (sūrya-bhedana-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.6
baddhvā vajrāsanaṃ prāg, anu pavanam upā,kṛṣya bāhyābhivāham; mandaṃ mārtaṇḍa-nāḍyāṃ, tad anu kaca-nakhā,grāntam ākumbhayec ca | ruddhaṃ nāḍyodayātaṃ, pavanam anu śanaiḥ, recayed etad uktaṃ; vāta-ghnaṃ bhāla-saṃśo,dhanam asakṛd aho, sūrya-bhedaṃ vidheyam ||6||
Metre: Sragdharā
Having first (prāk) assumed (baddhvā | abs) Vajrāsana (vajrāsanam | acc sg), [one should] then (anu) draw in (upākṛṣya | abs) the breath (pavanam | acc sg) flowing in from outside (bāhyābhivāham | acc sg m), slowly (mandam), in the solar channel (mārtaṇḍa-nāḍyām | loc sg). And (ca) after (anu) that [inhalation] (tat | acc sg n), [one] should retain [it] (ākumbhayet | 3p sg act opt denom) as far as the ends of the hair and nail tips (kaca-nakhāgrāntam | acc sg).

Afterwards (anu), [one] should slowly (śanaiḥ) release (recayet | 3p sg act opt caus) the retained (ruddham | acc sg m ppp) breath (pavanam | acc sg), [which has] risen (udayātam) through the energy channel (nāḍyā | ins sg). This (etat | nom sg n) Sūryabheda (sūrya-bhedam | nom sg) is described (uktam | nom sg n ppp) [as a procedure] that removes wind (vāta-ghnam | nom sg n) [and] purifies the forehead (bhāla-saṃśodhanam | nom sg n). [It is] indeed (aho) to be performed (vidheyam | nom sg n pfp) repeatedly (asakṛt).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.6*1
iti kapha-vāta-roga-kṛmi-doṣa-śaitya-vikāra-hara uṣṇa-vīryaḥ sūrya-bheda-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [is described] the Sūryabheda breath retention (sūrya-bheda-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg), which removes diseases of Kapha and Vāta, worm disorders and ailments of cold (kapha-vāta-roga-kṛmi-doṣa-śaitya-vikāra-haraḥ | nom sg m), [and] has heating potency (uṣṇa-vīryaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Large profile figure with closed mouth and fine lines of sound.
Large profile figure with closed mouth and fine lines of sound.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.6*2–9*1: Ujjāyī / Ujjāyikā: Sound and warmth compared with Sūryabheda

Ujjāyī, also called Ujjāyikā, combines audible inhalation with retention and exhalation through the left channel. The text compares its warmth with Sūryabheda.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.6*2
athojjāyī-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the Ujjāyī breath retention (ujjāyī-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.7
āsyaṃ saṃyamya nāsā,-puṭa-yuga-suṣirā,bhyāṃ samākṛṣya vāyuṃ; mandaṃ mandaṃ yathāsau, lagati gala-taṭād, ā-hṛd-antaḥ sa-śabdaḥ | ruddhvā keśān nakhāgrā,vadhi pavanam amuṃ, recayed vāma-nāḍyā; proktojjāyīti kumbhaḥ, kapha-gada-dalano, dīpti-kṛj jāṭharāgneḥ ||7||
Metre: Sragdharā
Having closed (saṃyamya | abs) the mouth (āsyam | acc sg), [one should] draw in (samākṛṣya | abs) the breath (vāyum | acc sg) through the two cavities of the nostrils (nāsā-puṭa-yuga-suṣirābhyām | ins du), slowly (mandam), slowly (mandam), so that (yathā) it (asau | nom sg m) makes contact (lagati | 3p sg act pres), audibly (sa-śabdaḥ | nom sg m), from the edge of the throat (gala-taṭāt | abl sg) into the heart (ā-hṛd-antaḥ). Having retained (ruddhvā | abs) that (amum | acc sg m) breath (pavanam | acc sg) from the hair [of the head] (keśāt | abl sg) to the nail tips (nakhāgrāvadhi), [one] should release [it] (recayet | 3p sg act opt caus) through the left channel (vāma-nāḍyā | ins sg). The breath retention (kumbhaḥ | nom sg) [is] thus (iti) called (proktaḥ | nom sg m ppp) Ujjāyī (ujjāyī | nom sg). [It] destroys diseases of phlegm (kapha-gada-dalanaḥ | nom sg m) [and] kindles (dīpti-kṛt | nom sg m) the digestive fire (jāṭharāgneḥ | gen sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.8
eṣa ujjāyikākhyas tu kumbho bhṛśaṃ; dhātu-līnāmaya-dhvaṃsa-dāvānalaḥ | gacchatā tiṣṭhatā yoginā sevito; vṛddha-nāḍī-natāmbūdara-dhvaṃsanaḥ ||8||
Metre: Sragviṇī
This (eṣaḥ | nom sg m) breath retention (kumbhaḥ | nom sg), named Ujjāyikā (ujjāyikākhyaḥ | nom sg m), however (tu), [is] in great measure (bhṛśam) a forest fire destroying diseases hidden in the bodily constituents (dhātu-līnāmayadhvaṃsa-dāvānalaḥ | nom sg). Practised (sevitaḥ | nom sg m ppp) by the yogin (yoginā | ins sg) while walking (gacchatā | ins sg m pca) [or] standing (tiṣṭhatā | ins sg m pca), [it is] a remover of enlarged channels and fluid accumulation and abdominal disorders (vṛddha-nāḍī-natāmbūdara-dhvaṃsanaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.9
ujjāyī-sūrya-bhedau dvau; kumbhāv uṣṇau smṛtau muneḥ | cid-rūpoṣmāṃśu-dhamanī;-viṣa-vāhatayā tanau ||9||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Ujjāyī and Sūryabheda (ujjāyī-sūrya-bhedau | nom du), the two (dvau | nom du m) breath retentions (kumbhau | nom du), are considered (smṛtau | nom du m ppp) heating (uṣṇau | nom du m) because of the removal of poison from the vessels by heat rays whose form is consciousness (cid-rūpoṣmāṃśu-dhamanī-viṣa-vāhatayā | ins sg) in the body (tanau | loc sg) of the sage (muneḥ | gen sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.9*1
ity ujjāyī-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the Ujjāyī breath retention (ujjāyī-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Figure in profile with slightly parted lips, an air current and a nectar drop.
Figure in profile with slightly parted lips, an air current and a nectar drop.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.9*2–11*1: Sītkā / Sītkārī and Śītalī: Hissing, coolness and nectar

Sītkā begins with a hiss in the mouth. Through tongue, palate and the image of nectar, the text connects this technique, also called Sītkārī, with Śītalī.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.9*2
atha sītkā-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the Sītkā breath retention (sītkā-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.10
sītkāṃ dadyān mukhena, prathamam anu vijṛṃ,bhāṃ ca nāsā-puṭābhyāṃ; nityābhyāsa-prayogād, iti bhavati naraḥ, kāma-devo dvitīyaḥ | nidrālasya-kṣudhā-tṛṭ,-rahita iha cared, yoginī-cakra-sevyaḥ; sṛṣṭeḥ saṃhāra-kārī, viharati sa sado,padravo na pṛthivyām ||10||
Metre: Sragdharā
First (prathamam), [one] should produce (dadyāt | 3p sg act opt) a hissing sound (sītkām | acc sg) with the mouth (mukhena | ins sg), and (ca) afterwards (anu) [bring about] an expansion [of breath] (vijṛmbhām | acc sg) through both nostrils (nāsā-puṭābhyām | ins du). Thus (iti), through the application of constant practice (nityābhyāsa-prayogāt | abl sg), a person (naraḥ | nom sg) becomes (bhavati | 3p sg act pres) a second (dvitīyaḥ | nom sg m) god of love (kāma-devaḥ | nom sg). Free from sleep, sluggishness, hunger and thirst (nidrālasya-kṣudhā-tṛṭ-rahitaḥ | nom sg m ppp), [he] may move (caret | 3p sg act opt) here (iha), worthy of reverence from the circle of Yoginīs (yoginī-cakra-sevyaḥ | nom sg m pfp). Bringing about dissolution (saṃhāra-kārī | nom sg m) of creation (sṛṣṭeḥ | gen sg), he (saḥ | nom sg m) always (sadā) moves (viharati | 3p sg act pres) upon the earth (pṛthivyām | loc sg), [with] no (na) affliction (upadravaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.11
sudhā-srāvi śirā-randhra;-tālu spṛṣṭvāmṛtaṃ marut | himo jihvāgra-yuk śītaly;eva sītkāry ato 'rujā ||11||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Having touched (spṛṣṭvā | abs) the nectar-secreting (sudhā-srāvi | acc sg n) palate at the opening of the vessels (śirā-randhra-tālu | acc sg), the cool (himaḥ | nom sg m) breath (marut | nom sg), joined to the tip of the tongue (jihvāgra-yuk | nom sg m), [is] nectar (amṛtam | nom sg). Therefore (ataḥ), Sītkārī (sītkārī | nom sg) [is] precisely (eva) Śītalī (śītalī | nom sg), [and] free of disease (arujā | nom sg f).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.11*1
iti pitta-jvara-dāha-tṛṣādau sītkāra-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [is described] the hissing breath retention (sītkāra-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg) for Pitta, fever, burning, thirst and the like (pitta-jvara-dāha-tṛṣādau | loc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Seated figure facing bellows and a small flame.
Seated figure facing bellows and a small flame.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.11*2–14*1: Bhastrikā: Rapid breathing followed by retention

In Bhastrikā, breath moves like a bellows. Retention and exhalation on the left follow; the text promises stronger inner fire and the loosening of three knots.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.11*2
atha bhastrikā-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the bellows breath retention (bhastrikā-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.12
sthitvābje sama-kandharodara-tanuḥ, saṃyamya yatnān mukhaṃ; ghrāṇenāśu supūrya saṃśliṣati hṛt,-kaṇṭhe kapālāvadhi | samyag dhṛtaṃ yayā viricya punar apy, āpūrya vegād anu; hṛtya prāvadhi kevalaṃ punar api, tyaktvā punaḥ pūrayet ||12||
Metre: Śārdūlavikrīḍita
Having taken a seat (sthitvā | abs) in the lotus [posture] (abje | loc sg), with neck, abdomen and trunk straight (sama-kandharodara-tanuḥ | nom sg m), [and] carefully (yatnāt | abl sg) closed (saṃyamya | abs) the mouth (mukham | acc sg), [one should] quickly (āśu) fill [the body] well (supūrya | abs) through the nose (ghrāṇena | ins sg). [The breath] makes contact (saṃśliṣati | 3p sg act pres) in the heart and throat (hṛt-kaṇṭhe | loc sg), as far as the skull (kapālāvadhi).

Having released (viricya | abs) the properly (samyak) held [breath] (dhṛtam | acc sg m ppp) through that [nostril] (yayā | ins sg f), [one should] also (api) fill [it] in (āpūrya | abs) again (punar) with force (vegāt | abl sg), afterwards (anu) bring [it] in (hṛtya | abs) alone (kevalam), also (api) let [it] go (tyaktvā | abs) again (punar), [and] fill [the body] (pūrayet | 3p sg act opt caus) again (punaḥ).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.13
itthaṃ śaśvad upācared iti yathā, bhastreva sañcālayed; deha-sthaṃ pavanaṃ tathaiva matinā, sañcālayed buddhimān | śrāntiḥ syād tu yadā tadā nija-tanau, sūryeṇa saṃpūrayet; pūrṇaṃ svodaram ākalayya marutā, mandaṃ tathā pūrayet ||13||
Metre: Śārdūlavikrīḍita
[One] should continually (śaśvat) proceed (upācaret | 3p sg act opt) in this way (ittham), thus (iti) [runs the instruction]: as (yathā) a bellows (bhastrā | nom sg) would, as it were (iva), set [air] in motion (sañcālayet | 3p sg act opt caus), just so (tathaiva) the intelligent person (buddhimān | nom sg m) should move (sañcālayet | 3p sg act opt caus) the breath (pavanam | acc sg) within the body (deha-stham | acc sg m), with full attention (matinā). But (tu) when (yadā) fatigue (śrāntiḥ | nom sg) arises (syāt | 3p sg act opt) in one's own body (nija-tanau | loc sg), then (tadā) [one] should inhale fully (saṃpūrayet | 3p sg act opt caus) through the sun [the right nostril] (sūryeṇa | ins sg): having envisaged (ākalayya | abs) one's own belly (svodaram | acc sg) as full (pūrṇam | acc sg n ppp), [one] should thus (tathā) fill [it] (pūrayet | 3p sg act opt caus) slowly (mandam) with breath (marutā | ins sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.14
nāsā-madhyamam antareṇa sudṛḍhaṃ, sa tarjanībhyāṃ tataḥ; kumbhaṃ pūrvavad āvidhāya pavanaṃ, taṃ recayed vāmayā | bhastrākhyaḥ khalu kumbhakaḥ syati kaphaṃ, pittaṃ samīraṃ suṣumṇā;ṅga-sthaṃ duḥ-kapham agni-das tri-guṇa-ja,-granthi-trayodbhedakaḥ ||14||
Metre: Śārdūlavikrīḍita; pāda 3: one extra Guru syllable (at the end)
Then (tataḥ) he (saḥ | nom sg m) [should hold] the middle of the nose (nāsā-madhyamam | acc sg) very firmly (sudṛḍham) [closed], without (antareṇa) the index finger [and the middle finger] (tarjanībhyām | ins du). Having performed (āvidhāya | abs) the breath retention (kumbham | acc sg) as before (pūrvavat), [he] should release (recayet | 3p sg act opt caus) that (tam | acc sg m) breath (pavanam | acc sg) through the left [side] (vāmayā | ins sg f). The breath retention (kumbhakaḥ | nom sg) called the bellows (bhastrākhyaḥ | nom sg m) certainly (khalu) removes (syati | 3p sg act pres) phlegm (kapham | acc sg), bile (pittam | acc sg), wind (samīram | acc sg) [and] bad phlegm (duḥ-kapham | acc sg) situated in the region of Suṣumṇā (suṣumṇāṅga-stham | acc sg m). [It] produces digestive fire (agni-daḥ | nom sg m) [and] breaks open the three knots arising from the three fundamental qualities (tri-guṇa-ja-granthi-trayodbhedakaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.14*1
iti sarva-doṣa-mala-śoṣaṇaḥ sarva-pīḍā-hara āmājīrṇa-jāraṇo bhastrikā-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [is described] the bellows breath retention (bhastrikā-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg), which dries up the impurities of all pathogenic factors (sarva-doṣa-mala-śoṣaṇaḥ | nom sg m), removes all distress (sarva-pīḍā-haraḥ | nom sg m) [and] digests undigested matter [and] remedies indigestion (āmājīrṇa-jāraṇaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Seated figure beside a rolled leaf and a pale current of air.
Seated figure beside a rolled leaf and a pale current of air.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.14*2–17*1: Śītalī and Antaraṅgaka-kumbha: Tongue position and breath

The Śītalī section begins with Antaraṅgaka-kumbha, the internal breathing procedure. Tongue position, the course of breath and effects attributed to Śītalī...

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.14*2
atha śītalī-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the Śītalī breath retention (śītalī-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.15
ākṛṣyākṛṣya vāyuṃ bhṛśam ati prāgvac cākṛṣya baddhvā laghu | surasakṛd recaka-pūrakābhyāṃ; kumbho 'yaṃ cāntaraṅgakaḥ; | iti ||15||
Metre: Line 1: prose; then Upendravajrā, Anuṣṭubh; iti extrametrical
[One should] draw in (ākṛṣya | abs) the breath (vāyum | acc sg) very (ati) forcefully (bhṛśam), draw [it] in [again] (ākṛṣya | abs), and (ca) draw [it] in (ākṛṣya | abs) as before (prāgvat), [then] bind [it] (baddhvā | abs) briefly (laghu). [Then] release [it] in a controlled manner (surasakṛt). And (ca) through exhalation and inhalation (recaka-pūrakābhyām | ins du) [arises] this (ayam | nom sg m) internal (antaraṅgakaḥ | nom sg m) breath retention (kumbhaḥ | nom sg). Thus (iti) [runs the description].
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.16
jihvāṃ bahir niḥsārya danta-mūle kṛtvā vāyum ākṛṣya pūrakaṃ bhavet pūrvavat | tato manda-nāsābhyāṃ vāyuṃ adhas tyajet śanakair ā-śikhāgram ā-nakhāgrāvadhy uccaiś cānu nāsā-puṭa-yugala-bilābhyāṃ tato recayet ||16||
Metre: none
[One should] extend (niḥsārya | abs) the tongue (jihvām | acc sg) outwards (bahiḥ), place [it] (kṛtvā | abs) at the roots of the teeth (danta-mūle | loc sg), [and] draw in (ākṛṣya | abs) the breath (vāyum | acc sg). Inhalation (pūrakam | nom sg) should take place (bhavet | 3p sg act opt) as before (pūrvavat). Thereupon (tataḥ), [one] should release (tyajet | 3p sg act opt) the breath (vāyum | acc sg) downwards (adhaḥ) through the “gentle nostrils” (manda-nāsābhyām | ins du), slowly (śanakaiḥ), up to the tip of the topknot (ā-śikhāgram), as far as the nail tips (ā-nakhāgrāvadhi) and (ca) upwards (uccaiḥ). Afterwards (anu), [as the next step] (tataḥ), [one] should release [the breath] (recayet | 3p sg act opt caus) through the two cavities of the pair of nostrils (nāsā-puṭa-yugala-bilābhyām | ins du).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.17
gulma-plīhodara-ghno, jvara-kṣavathu-tṛṣaṃ, yakṣma-pitte nihanti | doṣaṃ devaṃ ca hanyād, iti mada-dalanaḥ, śītalī nāma kumbhaḥ ||17||
Metre: Sragdharā
The breath retention (kumbhaḥ | nom sg) named (nāma) Śītalī (śītalī | nom sg), which removes abdominal swellings and diseases of the spleen and abdomen (gulma-plīhodara-ghnaḥ | nom sg m), destroys (nihanti | 3p sg act pres) fever, sneezing and thirst (jvara-kṣavathu-tṛṣam | acc sg), consumption and bile (yakṣma-pitte | acc du). And (ca), [as] a destroyer of intoxication (mada-dalanaḥ | nom sg m), [it] should remove (hanyāt | 3p sg act opt) the disorder [caused by] deities (doṣaṃ devam | acc sg), thus (iti) [it is said].
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.17*1
iti śītalī-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the Śītalī breath retention (śītalī-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Seated figure surrounded by two bees and arcs of sound.
Seated figure surrounded by two bees and arcs of sound.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.17*2–18: Bhrāmarī: Two bee sounds in inhalation and exhalation

Bhrāmarī pairs forceful inhalation with the sound of a male bee and slow exhalation with a female bee's sound. The text describes a stupefaction through bliss.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.17*2
atha bhrāmarī kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the breath retention (kumbhakaḥ | nom sg) Bhrāmarī (bhrāmarī | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.18
vegākṛṣṭaṃ, pūrakaṃ bhṛṅga-nādaṃ; bhṛṅgī-nādaṃ, recakaṃ manda-mandam | yogīndrāṇām, evam abhyāsa-yogāc; citte jātā, kācid ānanda-mūrcchā ||18||
Metre: Śālinī
[One should perform] inhalation (pūrakam | acc sg), drawn in with force (vegākṛṣṭam | acc sg m ppp), with the sound of a male bee (bhṛṅga-nādam | acc sg m), [and] exhalation (recakam | acc sg) very slowly (manda-mandam), with the sound of a female bee (bhṛṅgī-nādam | acc sg m). Through applying the practice (abhyāsa-yogāt | abl sg) in this way (evam), a certain (kācit | nom sg f) stupefaction through bliss (ānanda-mūrcchā | nom sg) [has] arisen (jātā | nom sg f ppp) in the mind (citte | loc sg) of the foremost yogins (yogīndrāṇām | gen pl).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Seated figure with gently lowered head and a fading line.
Seated figure with gently lowered head and a fading line.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.18*1–19*1: Mūrcchā / Manomūrcchanā: Throat lock and slow exhalation

A firm throat lock at the end of inhalation defines Mūrcchā, also called Manomūrcchanā. The text links the slow exhalation that follows with blissful...

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.18*1
atha mūrcchā kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the breath retention (kumbhakaḥ | nom sg) Mūrcchā (mūrcchā | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.19
purā pūrakānte vidhāya pragāḍhaṃ; gale jāla-bandhaṃ śanaiḥ recayet tam | mano-mūrcchanā-nāmakaḥ kumbha eṣo; mano-mūrcchanā saukhya-dā yogino 'smāt ||19||
Metre: Bhujaṅgaprayāta
First (purā), at the end of inhalation (pūrakānte | loc sg), having applied (vidhāya | abs) a very firm (pragāḍham | acc sg m) net lock (jāla-bandham | acc sg) at the throat (gale | loc sg), [one] should slowly (śanaiḥ) release (recayet | 3p sg act opt caus) it (tam | acc sg m). This (eṣaḥ | nom sg m) breath retention (kumbhaḥ | nom sg) [is] named “stupefaction of the mind” (mano-mūrcchanā-nāmakaḥ | nom sg m). From it (asmāt | abl sg m) [arises] a stupefaction of the mind (mano-mūrcchanā | nom sg) that gives happiness (saukhya-dā | nom sg f) to the yogin (yoginaḥ | gen sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.19*1
iti mūrcchā kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the breath retention (kumbhakaḥ | nom sg) Mūrcchā (mūrcchā | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Inflated leather bag floating on water, with a seated observer on the bank.
Inflated leather bag floating on water, with a seated observer on the bank.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.19*2–21*1: Plāvanī: Air in the belly and the image of a leather bag

In Plāvanī, the belly is filled with air. The text describes floating on water and illustrates the buoyancy through the image of a filled leather bag.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.19*2
atha plāvanī kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the breath retention (kumbhakaḥ | nom sg) Plāvanī (plāvanī | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.20
abhyantara-pravarttita,-bhūritarādhāra-vāyu-pūrita-jaṭharaḥ | atala-sparśe payasi, plavate yogī sukhena ciram ||20||
Metre: Āryā — first half: 32 instead of 30 mātrās
The yogin (yogī | nom sg), whose belly is filled with abundant air brought inside (abhyantara-pravarttita-bhūritarādhāra-vāyu-pūrita-jaṭharaḥ | nom sg m), floats (plavate | 3p sg med pres) with ease (sukhena | ins sg), for a long time (ciram), in water (payasi | loc sg) where the bottom is not touched (atala-sparśe | loc sg n).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.21
ūrdhvam ākarṣitāpānā; dṛtivat pūritodaraḥ | jale suptvā 'psu plavate; sama-vāhe jite 'nile ||21||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
[With] Apāna drawn (ākarṣitāpānā) upwards (ūrdhvam), with the belly filled (pūritodaraḥ | nom sg m) like a leather bag (dṛtivat), [the yogin], having lain down (suptvā | abs) in water (jale | loc sg), floats (plavate | 3p sg med pres) on the waters (apsu | loc pl), when the evenly flowing (sama-vāhe | loc absl sg m) breath (anile | loc absl sg) [is] mastered (jite | loc absl sg m ppp).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.21*1
iti plāvanī-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the Plāvanī breath retention (plāvanī-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Two open lines of breath in front of a half-length figure.
Two open lines of breath in front of a half-length figure.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.21*2–23*1: Utkarṣa and Apakarṣa: Directing breath at the nostrils

Utkarṣa and Apakarṣa open a supplementary collection. These procedures combine closures at the nose with retention or with exhalation and inhalation.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.21*2
athātra granthāntare viśeṣaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha), here (atra), [follows] a particular feature (viśeṣaḥ | nom sg) from another treatise (granthāntare | loc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.21*3
atha prasaṅgād abhyāsārthaṃ kecana upayuktāḥ kumbhakāḥ kathyante |
Metre: none
Now (atha), on this occasion (prasaṅgāt | abl sg), some (kecana | nom pl m) suitable breath retentions (upayuktāḥ kumbhakāḥ | nom pl) are described (kathyante | 3p pl pas pres) for the purpose of practice (abhyāsārtham | acc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.22
saṅkarṣako rodha-balaṃ hi yāvat; sammuhya nāsā-yuga-randhra-mūlam | kuryāt tad-agre nanu reca-pūrāv; utkarṣa-kumbhaḥ kathitaḥ sa dhātrā ||22||
Metre: Indravajrā
The one drawing in (saṅkarṣakaḥ | nom sg m) [retains the breath] for as long as (yāvat) the strength to retain [allows] (rodha-balam | acc sg). For (hi), having closed (sammuhya | abs) the base of the two nostril openings (nāsā-yuga-randhra-mūlam | acc sg), one should certainly (nanu) afterwards (tad-agre | loc sg) perform (kuryāt | 3p sg act opt) exhalation and inhalation (reca-pūrau | acc du). This (saḥ | nom sg m) [practice is] called (kathitaḥ | nom sg m ppp) the Utkarṣa breath retention (utkarṣa-kumbhaḥ | nom sg) by the creator (dhātrā | ins sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.22*1
ity utkarṣa-kumbhaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the Utkarṣa breath retention (utkarṣa-kumbhaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.23
āmuhya ghoṇārdham adho-vibhāge; yad reca-pūrau vidadhāti tiṣṭhan | sa eṣa kumbho gadito vidhātrā; nāmnāpakarṣaḥ praṇavātmanā 'yam ||23||
Metre: Pādas 1–2: Indravajrā; Pāda 3: Upendravajrā; Pāda 4: Indravajrā
When (yat) [someone], having closed (āmuhya | abs) one half of the nose (ghoṇārdham | acc sg), remains (tiṣṭhan | nom sg m pca) in the lower region (adho-vibhāge | loc sg) [and] performs (vidadhāti | 3p sg act pres) exhalation and inhalation (reca-pūrau | acc du), that (saḥ | nom sg m) [is] this breath retention (eṣaḥ kumbhaḥ | nom sg). This (ayam | nom sg m) [is] called (gaditaḥ | nom sg m ppp) Apakarṣa (apakarṣaḥ | nom sg) by name (nāmnā | ins sg), by the creator (vidhātrā | ins sg), whose essence is Oṃ (praṇavātmanā | ins sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.23*1
ity apakarṣa-kumbhaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the Apakarṣa breath retention (apakarṣa-kumbhaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Small seated figure in an open field of paper, with a faint breath line.
Small seated figure in an open field of paper, with a faint breath line.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.24–25*2: Karṣaka and Sahaja: From drawing in to natural retention

In Karṣaka, breath becomes longer and subtler; Sahaja denotes its natural retention without force. The text links this with purification, long life and inner...

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.24
karṣake pravihite kila kumbhe; śvāsako bhavati dīrghataro 'ṇuḥ | no balāt sthiti-gatau śvasanasya; saṃdhṛtiḥ sa sahajaḥ śubha-kumbhaḥ ||24||
Metre: Svāgatā
When the breath retention (kumbhe | loc absl sg) has been performed (pravihite | loc absl sg m ppp) in the drawing-in [procedure] (karṣake | loc absl sg m), the breath (śvāsakaḥ | nom sg) becomes (bhavati | 3p sg act pres), as it is said (kila), longer (dīrghataraḥ | nom sg m comp) [and] subtle (aṇuḥ | nom sg m). The retention (saṃdhṛtiḥ | nom sg) of breathing (śvasanasya | gen sg) in a state of remaining (sthiti-gatau | loc sg) [occurs] not (no) through force (balāt | abl sg). This (saḥ | nom sg m) [is] the natural (sahajaḥ | nom sg m), auspicious breath retention (śubha-kumbhaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.25
nāḍī-śuddhiṃ tathārogyaṃ; su-sukhaṃ dīrgha-jīvitam | nāda-śrutiḥ pāpa-nāśaḥ; sahajābhyāsato bhavet ||25||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Through practising the natural [Kumbha] (sahajābhyāsataḥ), [the following] should arise (bhavet | 3p sg act opt): purification of the channels (nāḍī-śuddhim | acc sg), likewise (tathā) health (ārogyam | nom sg), great well-being (su-sukham | nom sg), long life (dīrgha-jīvitam | nom sg), hearing sound (nāda-śrutiḥ | nom sg) [and] destruction of evil (pāpa-nāśaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.25*1
iti sahaja-kumbha-guṇāḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [end] the effects of the natural breath retention (sahaja-kumbha-guṇāḥ | nom pl).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.25*2
iti karṣaka-kumbha-sahaja-kumbhau |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [end] the drawing-in and natural breath retentions (karṣaka-kumbha-sahaja-kumbhau | nom du).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Wheel, conch, winding path and wooden club as four separate motifs.
Wheel, conch, winding path and wooden club as four separate motifs.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.26–29*1: Cakra, Śaṅkha, Vāmāvartta, Vartmagati and Gadā: Linking breath passages

Cakra and Vāmāvartta direct breath in opposite directions; Vartmagati uses both nostrils, Śrīgadākumbha both for inhalation and the right for exhalation...

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.26
dakṣa-vāmāvartta-bhedāc; cakra-śaṅkhau dvidhoditau; sūryeṇāpūrya marutaṃ; kumbhayed udara-sthitam | recayed indunā bhūyas; tathā dakṣeṇa pūrayet; kumbhayed iḍayā recya; dakṣiṇāvartta-cakrakaḥ ||26||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Because of the difference between rightward and leftward rotation (dakṣa-vāmāvartta-bhedāt | abl sg), wheel and conch (cakra-śaṅkhau | nom du) [are] named (uditau | nom du m ppp) in two ways (dvidhā). Having inhaled (āpūrya | abs) through the sun (sūryeṇa | ins sg), one should retain (kumbhayet | 3p sg act opt denom) the breath (marutam | acc sg) situated in the belly (udara-sthitam | acc sg m ppp). One should exhale (recayet | 3p sg act opt caus) through the moon (indunā | ins sg), again (bhūyas) likewise (tathā) inhale (pūrayet | 3p sg act opt caus) through the right [side] (dakṣeṇa | ins sg m) [and] retain (kumbhayet | 3p sg act opt denom). Having exhaled (recya | abs) through Iḍā (iḍayā | ins sg), [one has completed the exercise called] the rightward-turning wheel (dakṣiṇāvartta-cakrakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.27
vilomo 'yaṃ cakra-kumbho; vāmāvarttaḥ śivoditaḥ | sūrya-candrāv imau kumbhau; druhiṇena puroditau | atyuṣṇa-śītalāv etau; deśa-kāla-prayojitau ||27||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
This wheel breath retention (ayaṃ cakra-kumbhaḥ | nom sg), [performed] in reverse (vilomaḥ | nom sg m), [is] the leftward-turning one (vāmāvarttaḥ | nom sg m), taught by Śiva (śivoditaḥ | nom sg m ppp). These two breath retentions (imau kumbhau | nom du), sun and moon (sūrya-candrau | nom du), [were] formerly (purā) taught (uditau | nom du m ppp) by Druhiṇa (druhiṇena | ins sg). These two (etau | nom du m), very hot and cool (atyuṣṇa-śītalau | nom du m), [are] applied according to place and time (deśa-kāla-prayojitau | nom du m ppp caus).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.27*1
cakra-kumbhaṃ dvidhā kuryād; agni-ṣomaṃ tathaikadhā | śaṅkha-kumbho 'yam īśena; pūrvavad dvi-vidhaḥ smṛtaḥ ||27.1||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
[One] should perform (kuryāt | 3p sg act opt) the wheel breath retention (cakra-kumbham | acc sg) twice (dvidhā) [each time inhaling through the right nostril, holding the breath and exhaling through the left], and likewise (tathā) [then perform] the fire–moon [alternate-nostril breathing] (agni-ṣomam | acc sg) once (ekadhā) [as one round with two breath retentions: right in, hold, left out; left in, hold, right out]. This (ayam | nom sg m) conch breath retention (śaṅkha-kumbhaḥ | nom sg) [is] taught (smṛtaḥ | nom sg m ppp) by Īśa (īśena | ins sg) in two forms (dvi-vidhaḥ | nom sg m) [rightward and leftward], as before (pūrvavat).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.27*2
kauṣmyam īṣac-chītalatā; kumbhayor anayor bhavet ||27.2||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
With these two breath retentions (kumbhayor anayoḥ | loc du), gentle warmth (kauṣmyam | nom sg) [or, respectively,] slight coolness (īṣac-chītalatā | nom sg) may arise (bhavet | 3p sg act opt).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.28
ubhābhyāṃ pūrayed vāyuṃ; kumbhayitvā yathā-vidhi | ubhābhyāṃ recayed vartma;-gatiḥ kumbhaḥ śivoditaḥ ||28||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
One should draw in (pūrayet | 3p sg act opt caus) the breath (vāyum | acc sg) through both [nostrils] (ubhābhyām | ins du m). Having retained [it] (kumbhayitvā | abs denom) as prescribed (yathā-vidhi), one should exhale (recayet | 3p sg act opt caus) through both [nostrils] (ubhābhyām | ins du m). [This is] the breath retention (kumbhaḥ | nom sg) Vartmagati (vartma-gatiḥ | nom sg), taught by Śiva (śivoditaḥ | nom sg m ppp).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.29
yatrobhābhyāṃ, pūraṇaṃ glau-ravibhyāṃ; samyaṅ mārttaṇ,ḍādhvanā recanaṃ ca | eṣaḥ proktaḥ, śrī-gadā-kumbha-nāmā; dehe dhatte, śrī-balaṃ sādhakasya ||29||
Metre: Śālinī
Where (yatra) inhalation (pūraṇam | nom sg) [takes place] properly (samyak) through both (ubhābhyām | ins du m), moon and sun (glau-ravibhyām | ins du), and (ca) exhalation (recanam | nom sg) [takes place] through the solar path (mārttaṇḍādhvanā | ins sg), this (eṣaḥ | nom sg m) [retention is] known (proktaḥ | nom sg m ppp) by the name Śrīgadākumbha (śrī-gadā-kumbha-nāmā | nom sg m). [It] bestows (dhatte | 3p sg med pres) splendour and strength (śrī-balam | acc sg) in the body (dehe | loc sg) of the practitioner (sādhakasya | gen sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.29*1
iti cakra-śaṅkha-vāmāvartta-varttma-gati-nāmānaś catvāraḥ kumbhāḥ gadā-kumbho 'yaṃ pañcamaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [end] the four breath retentions (catvāraḥ kumbhāḥ | nom pl) bearing the names Cakra [rightward], Śaṅkha [rightward and leftward], Vāmāvartta [the leftward Cakra] and Vartmagati (cakra-śaṅkha-vāmāvartta-varttma-gati-nāmānaḥ | nom pl m). This (ayam | nom sg m) mace breath retention [Gadā] (gadā-kumbhaḥ | nom sg) [is] the fifth (pañcamaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Seated figure with a sun at the navel, a moon in a lotus and nectar drops.
Seated figure with a sun at the navel, a moon in a lotus and nectar drops.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.30–33*1: Nāḍī-viśudhy-ākhyaka-kumbha and Nāḍīśuddhi: Haṃsa, sun and moon

Haṃsa accompanies inhalation through both nostrils and alternating exhalation. The sun at the navel and moon nectar in Iḍā accompany the Nāḍīśuddhi procedures...

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.30
haṃseti vidvāṃsamanu dvayābhyāṃ; sve haṃsa-sañcintanato manasvī | āpūrya muñced ravi-śītagubhyāṃ; nāḍī-viśudhy-ākhyaka-kumbha eṣaḥ ||30||
Metre: Indravajrā
“Haṃsa” (haṃsa | voc sg), thus [runs the formula] (iti). Knowing [this formula] (vidvāṃsamanu), the thoughtful person (manasvī | nom sg m) [should] inhale (āpūrya | abs) through both [nostrils] (dvayābhyām | ins du) [and hold the breath; then] release [it alternately] (muñcet | 3p sg act opt) through sun [the right nostril] and moon [the left nostril] (ravi-śītagubhyām | ins du), through contemplating Haṃsa (haṃsa-sañcintanataḥ) within himself (sve | loc sg n). This (eṣaḥ | nom sg m) [is] the breath retention called Nāḍīviśuddhi (nāḍī-viśudhy-ākhyaka-kumbhaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.31
nidāgha-madhyandina-sūrya-tulyaṃ; nābhau raver maṇḍalam āvibhāvya | mārtaṇḍa-nāḍyā vihite su-kumbhe; nāḍyo viśudhyanti su-sādhakasya ||31||
Metre: Pāda 1: Upendravajrā; Pādas 2–4: Indravajrā
[When the practitioner has] visualised (āvibhāvya | abs caus) in the navel (nābhau | loc sg) the disc (maṇḍalam | acc sg) of the sun (raveḥ | gen sg), resembling the midday sun in the hot season (nidāgha-madhyandina-sūrya-tulyam | acc sg n), [and when, after inhaling] through the [right] solar channel (mārtaṇḍa-nāḍyā | ins sg), a correct breath retention (su-kumbhe | loc absl sg) has been performed (vihite | loc absl sg m ppp), the channels (nāḍyaḥ | nom pl) of the person practising correctly (su-sādhakasya | gen sg) become pure (viśudhyanti | 3p pl act pres).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.32
śarad-rākā niśīthendu;-sahasra-dala-madhya-gaṃ | sravat sudhām iḍāṃ kumbhe; dhyātvā śudhyanti nāḍikāḥ ||32||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
An autumn full-moon night (śarad-rākā | nom sg): [When the practitioner has] meditated (dhyātvā | abs) during breath retention (kumbhe | loc sg) [on the form of] the midnight moon at the centre of the thousand-petalled [lotus] (niśīthendu-sahasra-dala-madhya-gam | acc sg n), streaming (sravat | acc sg n pca) nectar (sudhām | acc sg) [into] Iḍā (iḍām | acc sg), the channels (nāḍikāḥ | nom pl) become pure (śudhyanti | 3p pl act pres).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.33
pitta-doṣa-dalanaṃ śaśinā syād; bhāskareṇa kapha-vāta-malāntaḥ | māsakais tribhir aho 'bhyasanena; nāḍi-śuddhir amalā samudeti ||33||
Metre: Svāgatā
Through the moon (śaśinā | ins sg), the removal of the bile disorder (pitta-doṣa-dalanam | nom sg) should occur (syāt | 3p sg act opt); through the sun (bhāskareṇa | ins sg), [there should be] an end to impurity from phlegm and wind (kapha-vāta-malāntaḥ | nom sg). Through practice (abhyasanena | ins sg) over three months (māsakaiḥ tribhiḥ | ins pl), indeed (aho), spotless (amalā | nom sg f) purity of the channels (nāḍi-śuddhiḥ | nom sg) arises (samudeti | 3p sg act pres).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.33*1
iti catuḥ-kāleṣu viṃśad-vāraṃ nāḍī-śuddhy-upayogī nāḍī-śuddhy-ākhya-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the breath retention named Nāḍīśuddhi (nāḍī-śuddhy-ākhya-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg), which serves the purification of the channels (nāḍī-śuddhy-upayogī | nom sg m), [performed] twenty times (viṃśad-vāram | acc sg) at four times [of day] (catuḥ-kāleṣu | loc pl).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Six simple circles beside a seated figure.
Six simple circles beside a seated figure.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.33*2–34*1: Bhūtaśuddhi: Closing the nostrils and a sixfold sequence

Bhūtaśuddhi combines closing both nostrils with a sixfold sequence. The text attributes this procedure to Śambhu, the primordial lord.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.33*2
atha bhūta-śuddhi-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the Bhūtaśuddhi breath retention (bhūta-śuddhi-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.34
ruddhvā ghoṇā-yugaṃ kuryād; yugapad yadi ṣaṭ-kramāt | bhūta-śuddhir iti prokta; ādi-nāthena śambhunā ||34||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
If (yadi), having closed (ruddhvā | abs) both nostrils (ghoṇā-yugam | acc sg), one performs [this] (kuryāt | 3p sg act opt) simultaneously (yugapad) according to a sixfold sequence (ṣaṭ-kramāt | abl sg), [the breath retention is] described (proktaḥ | nom sg m ppp) as (iti) Bhūtaśuddhi (bhūta-śuddhiḥ | nom sg) by Śambhu (śambhunā | ins sg), the primordial lord (ādi-nāthena | ins sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.34*1
iti bhūta-śuddhi-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the Bhūtaśuddhi breath retention (bhūta-śuddhi-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Three linked loops beside two seated people in conversation.
Three linked loops beside two seated people in conversation.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.34*2–38*1: Asvaṅgaśṛṅkhalā and Kumbhāntaraśṛṅkhalā: Chains of breath

Asvaṅgaśṛṅkhalā links inhalation, retention and exhalation into a chain. Kumbhāntaraśṛṅkhalā combines different breathing techniques under guidance.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.34*2
atha śṛṅkhalā kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] the breath retention (kumbhakaḥ | nom sg) [called] “chain” (śṛṅkhalā | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.35
śaśvat pūraka-kumbhakau suvibhṛyāt, saṃpūrayet kumbhaka;-śrāntaḥ pūrakataḥ śramaṃ parigataḥ, kumbhaṃ vidadhyāt budhaḥ | pūraṃ pūrakam ācared atha tathā, kumbhaṃ caret kumbhakaṃ; yāvac-chakty anu recakaṃ ca kalayet, kumbhaṃ punaḥ saṃśrayet ||35||
Metre: Śārdūlavikrīḍita
The intelligent person (budhaḥ | nom sg m) should continually (śaśvat) carry out correctly (suvibhṛyāt | 3p sg act opt) inhalation and breath retention (pūraka-kumbhakau | acc du). Tired by breath retention (kumbhaka-śrāntaḥ | nom sg m ppp), one should inhale (saṃpūrayet | 3p sg act opt caus); having reached (parigataḥ | nom sg m ppp) fatigue (śramam | acc sg) from inhaling (pūrakataḥ), one should perform (vidadhyāt | 3p sg act opt) a breath retention (kumbham | acc sg). One should practise (ācaret | 3p sg act opt) a filling inhalation (pūraṃ pūrakam | acc sg), then (atha) likewise (tathā) perform (caret | 3p sg act opt) breath retention (kumbham | acc sg), [namely] Kumbhaka (kumbhakam | acc sg). And (ca) afterwards (anu), one should perform (kalayet | 3p sg act opt) exhalation (recakam | acc sg) according to one's strength (yāvacchakti), [then] turn (saṃśrayet | 3p sg act opt) again (punaḥ) to breath retention (kumbham | acc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.36
recaṃ punaḥ kumbhakam ācarej jño; gurūpadiṣṭena yathā raho-gataḥ | sva-recakaṃ recakam aṅga kuryād; a*svaṅga-nāmnī kila śṛṅkhaloditā ||36||
Metre: Pāda 1: Indravajrā; Pāda 2: Vaṃśastha; Pāda 3: Upendravajrā; Pāda 4: Indravaṃśā
The knowledgeable person (jñaḥ | nom sg m), having gone to a secluded place (raho-gataḥ | nom sg m ppp), should practise (ācaret | 3p sg act opt) exhalation (recam | acc sg) [and] again (punaḥ) breath retention (kumbhakam | acc sg), as (yathā) [accords with] the teacher's instruction (gurūpadiṣṭena | ins sg n ppp). Now (aṅga), one should perform (kuryāt | 3p sg act opt) one's own exhalation (sva-recakam | acc sg), [namely] exhalation (recakam | acc sg). [Thus] the chain (śṛṅkhalā | nom sg) named Asvaṅga (asvaṅga-nāmnī | nom sg f) is taught (uditā | nom sg f ppp), as it is said (kila).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.37
śaktir bodham upaiti śuddhim ayate, vāyus tathā nāḍikāḥ; śuddhiṃ yāti kṛśatvam āśu tanute, recaṃ vidhatte śubham | pūraṃ vardhayati dhruvaṃ śubhatarā,sau śṛṅkhaloktā mayā; yasya syāt sa-surāsurair abhinutaḥ, siddhaḥ sa bhū-maṇḍale ||37||
Metre: Śārdūlavikrīḍita
The power (śaktiḥ | nom sg) reaches (upaiti | 3p sg act pres) awakening (bodham | acc sg); the breath (vāyuḥ | nom sg) reaches (ayate | 3p sg med pres) purity (śuddhim | acc sg). Likewise (tathā), the channels (nāḍikāḥ | nom pl) reach (yāti | 3p sg act pres) purity (śuddhim | acc sg). [The practice] quickly (āśu) brings about (tanute | 3p sg med pres) slenderness (kṛśatvam | acc sg), makes (vidhatte | 3p sg med pres) exhalation (recam | acc sg) good (śubham | acc sg m) [and] certainly (dhruvam) increases (vardhayati | 3p sg act pres caus) inhalation (pūram | acc sg). That chain (asau śṛṅkhalā | nom sg), taught (uktā | nom sg f ppp) by me (mayā | ins sg), [is] especially auspicious (śubhatarā | nom sg f). The one (saḥ | nom sg m) in whom (yasya | gen sg m) [it] exists (syāt | 3p sg act opt) [is] an accomplished one (siddhaḥ | nom sg) in the circle of the earth (bhū-maṇḍale | loc sg), praised (abhinutaḥ | nom sg m ppp) by gods and demons together (sa-surāsuraiḥ | ins pl).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.37*1
ity asvaṅga-śṛṅkhalā-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the Asvaṅga chain breath retention (asvaṅga-śṛṅkhalā-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.38
kumbhake tv itara-kumbha-saṅgamāt; kumbhakāntara-su-śṛṅkhaloditā | sādhakasya śubha-citra-phalāptis; tīrtha-darśita-pathena jāyate ||38||
Metre: Pādas 1–2: Rathoddhatā; Pāda 3: Svāgatā; Pāda 4: Rathoddhatā
But (tu), through joining another breath retention (itara-kumbha-saṅgamāt | abl sg) to a breath retention (kumbhake | loc sg), [there arises a] correct chain of different breath retentions (kumbhakāntara-su-śṛṅkhalā | nom sg), [as it is] called (uditā | nom sg f ppp). Through the path shown by the teacher (tīrtha-darśita-pathena | ins sg), the attainment of auspicious and varied fruits (śubha-citra-phalāptiḥ | nom sg) arises (jāyate | 3p sg med pres) for the practitioner (sādhakasya | gen sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.38*1
ity aparaḥ kumbhāntara-śṛṅkhalā kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the further (aparaḥ | nom sg m) breath retention (kumbhakaḥ | nom sg), [the] chain of different breath retentions (kumbhāntara-śṛṅkhalā | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Two curving lines rise and fall beside a figure in profile.
Two curving lines rise and fall beside a figure in profile.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.39–39*1: Jīvacālaka / Jīvacāla: Moving the vital breath down and up

In Jīvacālaka, the mind moves the vital breath downwards and upwards during retention. The closing formula calls the technique Jīvacāla.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.39
haṭhena vai kumbhita-mārutasya cet; prāṇasya sañcālanam aṅga mānasāt | adhas tathordhvaṃ yaminaḥ sa kumbho; nāmnā śivoktaḥ kila jīva-cālakaḥ ||39||
Metre: Pāda 1: Vaṃśastha; Pāda 2: Indravaṃśā; Pāda 3: Upendravajrā; Pāda 4: Indravaṃśā
If (cet), now (aṅga), in the self-restrained person (yaminaḥ | gen sg), whose breath is retained (kumbhita-mārutasya | gen sg m) with force (haṭhena | ins sg), movement (sañcālanam | nom sg) of the vital breath (prāṇasya | gen sg) indeed (vai) [takes place] from the mind (mānasāt | abl sg), downwards (adhas) and likewise (tathā) upwards (ūrdhvam), [then] that breath retention (saḥ kumbhaḥ | nom sg), as it is said (kila), [is] taught by Śiva (śivoktaḥ | nom sg m ppp). [It bears] the name (nāmnā | ins sg) Jīvacālaka (jīva-cālakaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.39*1
iti jīva-cāla kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the breath retention (kumbhakaḥ | nom sg) [called] Jīvacāla (jīva-cāla).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Repeated seated figures gradually become clearer.
Repeated seated figures gradually become clearer.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.39*2–41: Merucālaka: Practising Ameru and allowing Meru to arise

Under the heading Merucālaka, the text distinguishes Ameru and Meru. It describes measured breath retention and Meru arising naturally after prolonged practice.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.39*2
atha meru-cālakaḥ |
Metre: none
Now (atha) [follows] Merucālaka (meru-cālakaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.40
ameru-meru-prabhidā maheśo; dvidhā 'vadat kumbham ihādimo phalaḥ | na vardhayed rodham atho su-saṃyamaṃ; kṛtaṃ yathā-śakti cireṇa siddhi-daḥ ||40||
Metre: Pāda 1: Upendravajrā; Pādas 2–4: Vaṃśastha
Maheśa (maheśaḥ | nom sg) here (iha) taught (avadat | 3p sg act pret) breath retention (kumbham | acc sg) in two forms (dvidhā), according to the distinction between Ameru and Meru (ameru-meru-prabhidā | ins sg). The first [form] (ādimaḥ | nom sg m) bears fruit (phalaḥ). One should not (na) extend (vardhayet | 3p sg act opt caus) the retention (rodham | acc sg). Then (atho), [the following applies]: good control (su-saṃyamam | acc sg), performed (kṛtam | acc sg m ppp) according to one's strength (yathā-śakti), [grants] accomplishment (siddhi-daḥ | nom sg m) after a long time (cireṇa).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.41
amum abhyasataḥ puṃso, naisargika-meru-sambhūtiḥ | bahubhiḥ kālair bhūyād, agaṇya-puṇyaiḥ parāsumateḥ ||41||
Metre: Upagīti
For a person (puṃsaḥ | gen sg) practising (abhyasataḥ | gen sg m pca) this [breath retention] (amum | acc sg m), the natural arising of Meru (naisargika-meru-sambhūtiḥ | nom sg) may occur (bhūyāt | 3p sg act prec) after many periods of time (bahubhiḥ kālaiḥ | ins pl), through countless merits (agaṇya-puṇyaiḥ | ins pl).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Three bead rows of different lengths suggest graduated durations.
Three bead rows of different lengths suggest graduated durations.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.42–43: Meru: Twelve, twenty-four and thirty-six time units

The discussion of Meru leads to three stages of twelve, twenty-four and thirty-six time units. The text associates them with sweating, trembling and rising.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.42
tasya tri-bhūmikatvaṃ, cira-kālābhyāsato bhūyāt | dvādaśa naisargikato, hy adhikāś ced daiva-yogena ||42||
Metre: Upagīti
Through practice over a long time (cira-kālābhyāsataḥ), its (tasya | gen sg m) threefold staging (tri-bhūmikatvam | nom sg) may arise (bhūyāt | 3p sg act prec). For (hi), if (cet), through the working of fate (daiva-yogena | ins sg), twelve [time units] (dvādaśa | nom pl f) exceed (adhikāḥ | nom pl f) the natural [measure] (naisargikataḥ), [the following gradation applies].
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.43
mātrā prathama-bhuvi syur, dattātreyo 'bravīt dravī-bhāve | asyā dvi-guṇaṃ kampāṃ, tri-guṇaṃ utthāpikāṃ yoge ||43||
Metre: Āryā
[Twelve] time units (mātrāḥ | nom pl) should apply (syuḥ | 3p pl act opt) to the first stage (prathama-bhuvi | loc sg), when [the practitioner is] sweating (dravī-bhāve | loc sg). Dattātreya (dattātreyaḥ | nom sg) said (abravīt | 3p sg act pret): [for the stage of] trembling (kampām), twice (dvi-guṇam | acc sg n) this [stage] (asyāḥ | gen sg f): [twenty-four]; [and for] the raising [stage] (utthāpikām | acc sg f) in yoga (yoge | loc sg), three times [the measure] (tri-guṇam | acc sg n): [thirty-six].
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Seated person holding counting beads beside three arcs of breath.
Seated person holding counting beads beside three arcs of breath.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.44–46*1: Ekameru, Dvimeru and Trimeru: Extending and timing breath phases

Ekameru extends retention; Dvimeru includes inhalation, and Trimeru exhalation as well. Observation and counting establish the time units.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.44
bāhyābhyantara-viṣaye, sañcāra-jñānato mandam | mātrā-saṃkhyā śvāsa,-pramāṇa-samayāvadhāraṇataḥ ||44||
Metre: Upagīti
The number of time units (mātrā-saṃkhyā | nom sg) [can be established] slowly (mandam), through knowledge of movement (sañcāra-jñānataḥ) in the external and internal domain (bāhyābhyantara-viṣaye | loc sg), [and] through determining the duration of the breath measure (śvāsa-pramāṇa-samayāvadhāraṇataḥ).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.45
manu-gaṇanair vā kramaśaḥ, pravardhate yatra vai kumbhaḥ | ayam eka-merur ukto, yoga-rahasyaṃ maheśena ||45||
Metre: Upagīti
Or (vā) [one may establish it] by counts of fourteen [time units] (manu-gaṇanaiḥ | ins pl). Where (yatra) breath retention (kumbhaḥ | nom sg) indeed (vai) lengthens (pravardhate | 3p sg med pres) gradually (kramaśaḥ), this (ayam | nom sg m) [is] called (uktaḥ | nom sg m ppp) Ekameru (eka-meruḥ | nom sg) by Maheśa (maheśena | ins sg), [a] secret of yoga (yoga-rahasyam | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.46
pūrakeṇābhivṛddhena; dvimeru meru-rohaṇāt | recakenāpi vṛddhena; tri-meruḥ siddhi-dāyakaḥ ||46||
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Through extended inhalation (pūrakeṇābhivṛddhena | ins sg) [and] through ascending Meru (meru-rohaṇāt | abl sg), [the breath retention is called] Dvimeru (dvimeru). Through exhalation (recakena | ins sg) also (api), [when it is] extended (vṛddhena | ins sg m ppp), [it is called] Trimeru (tri-meruḥ | nom sg), [and] bestows accomplishment (siddhi-dāyakaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.46*1
iti meru-kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the Meru breath retention (meru-kumbhakaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Two seated people watch a copper bowl floating in a water basin.
Two seated people watch a copper bowl floating in a water basin.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.47–47*1: Ghaṭikābandha / Ghaṭibandha: A water clock for Meru practice

In Ghaṭikābandha, a copper-vessel water clock measures retention to support Meru practice. The closing formula calls the technique Ghaṭibandha.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.47
tāmra-pātra-ghaṭikonmita-kālaṃ; tīrtha-darśita-pathena kumbhakam | meru-kumbhaka-su-sādhaka eṣo; bandha evaṃ ghaṭikā-pada-pūrvaḥ ||47||
Metre: Pāda 1: Svāgatā; Pāda 2: Rathoddhatā; Pādas 3–4: Svāgatā
[One should perform] breath retention (kumbhakam | acc sg), its duration measured with a water clock made from a copper vessel (tāmra-pātra-ghaṭikonmita-kālam | acc sg m), according to the path shown by the teacher (tīrtha-darśita-pathena | ins sg). This binding (eṣaḥ bandhaḥ | nom sg), [which] effectively supports Meru breath retention (meru-kumbhaka-su-sādhakaḥ | nom sg m), thus (evam) has the word Ghaṭikā prefixed (ghaṭikā-pada-pūrvaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.47*1
iti ghaṭi-bandha kumbhakaḥ |
Metre: none
Thus (iti) [ends] the breath retention (kumbhakaḥ | nom sg) [called] Ghaṭibandha (ghaṭi-bandha).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Two hands wrap a cloth around a stack of manuscript leaves.
Two hands wrap a cloth around a stack of manuscript leaves.

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.47*2: Kumbhaka: Closing note on names, forms and effects

The closing note names Sundaradeva as author and Kumbhaka as the chapter's subject: the names, essential forms and effects of the breathing techniques...

Haṭhatattvakaumudī 10.47*2
iti sundaradeva-viracitāyāṃ haṭha-tatva-kaumudyāṃ kumbhaka-nāma-svarūpa-guṇa-vivecanodyotaḥ |
Metre: none
Here [ends] (iti), in the Haṭhatatvakaumudī (haṭha-tatva-kaumudyām | loc sg), composed by Sundaradeva (sundaradeva-viracitāyām | loc sg f ppp), the chapter examining the names, essential forms and effects of breath retentions (kumbhaka-nāma-svarūpa-guṇa-vivecanodyotaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal

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Dr. Ronald Steiner

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The "Yoga Doc" - Dr. Ronald Steiner is the founder of the AYI method. This method links traditional Ashtanga Yoga with innovative Yogatherapy and living Philosophy. This forms a practice that is personal for each and... more ›