PYS 2.40–45: Vollendete Niyama
PYS 2.40–45: Vollendete Niyama

Yogaśāstra 2.40–45: Asceticism and Siddhis

Śauca leads to disgust toward bodies, saṃtoṣa to supreme joy, tapas to siddhis, svādhyāya to encounters with deities, and devotion to Īśvara to the perfection of samādhi.

Dr. Ronald Steiner Dr. Ronald Steiner Laura von Ostrowski Laura von Ostrowski
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 2.40
शौचात्स्वाङ्गजुगुप्सा परैरसंसर्गः ||40||
śaucāt svāṅga-jugupsā parair asaṃsargaḥ ||40|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
śaucāt
ablative singular
substantive neuter
from purity
svāṅga
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
adjective
substantive neuter
of one's own body
jugupsā
nominative singular
substantive feminine
disgust
paraiḥ
instrumental case plural masculine
adjective
with others
asaṃsargaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
non-contact
From purity (śaucāt | abl sg) [arise] disgust towards one's own body (svāṅga-jugupsā | nom sg) and non-contact (asaṃsargaḥ | nom sg) with other [bodies] (paraiḥ | ins pl m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
For us today, purity (śauca) need not mean devaluing the body. Care for it kindly while maintaining clear boundaries in your encounters with others.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

One who practises śauca, according to the Vyāsa-Bhāṣya, sees the defects of his own body, feels revulsion towards it and ceases to cling to it. Since cleansing with earth and water cannot make even one's own body truly pure, the ascetic all the more avoids contact with other bodies, which the text calls still more impure.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
From ‘purification’, loathing for one’s own members and non-intercourse with others.
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
From purity, disgust for one’s own body and non-intercourse with others.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Aus der Reinheit erfolgt Abscheu vor dem eigenen Leib und Nichtberührung mit andern,
Paul Deussen - 1908
As a result of cleanliness there is disgust at one's own body and no intercourse with others.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 2.41
सत्त्वशुद्धिसौमनस्यैकाग्र्येन्द्रियजयात्मदर्शनयोग्यत्वानि च ||41||
sattva-śuddhi-saumanasyaikāgryendriya-jayātma-darśana-yogyatvāni ca ||41|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
sattva
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
of sattva
śuddhi
dvandva-compound
substantive feminine
purity
saumanasya
dvandva-compound
substantive neuter
serenity
ekāgrya
dvandva-compound
substantive neuter
one-pointedness
indriya
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
of the sense organs
jaya
dvandva-compound
substantive masculine
mastery
ātma
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
of the self
darśana
tatpuruṣa-compound dative
substantive neuter
for seeing
yogyatvāni
nominative plural
substantive neuter
capacities
ca
particle
and
And (ca) [from purity arise] purity of sattva [of citta], serenity, one-pointedness, mastery of the senses and fitness for the vision of the self [puruṣa] (sattva-śuddhi-saumanasyaikāgryendriya-jayātma-darśana-yogyatvāni | nom pl).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
When you bring clarity to body, surroundings, and attention (śauca), a brighter mood and collected attention can arise more readily (saumanasya, ekāgrya). Create a simple, welcoming space before you practise.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

Firmly established śauca produces a chain of effects: purity of sattva, cheerfulness, one-pointedness, mastery of the senses and finally the fitness of buddhi-sattva for vision of the self.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
And purity in the quality of goodness, complacency, intentness, subjugation of the senses and fitness for the beholding of soul (are fruits of ‘Purification’).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
Purity, complacency, concentration, subjugation of the senses, and fitness for communion with the Spirit—(all accruing) to the thinking principle (Lit. Goodness).
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
sowie auch Reinigung des Sattvam [von Rajas und Tamas; vgl. jedoch Chānd. Up. 7, 26.2: āhāra-śuddhau sattva-śuddhi], Wohlgemutsein, Konzentration, Sinnezähmung und Geeignetsein für das Schauen des ātman.
Paul Deussen - 1908
Purity of sattva and gentleness and singleness-of-intent and subjugation of the senses and fitness for the sight of the self.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 2.42
संतोषादनुत्तमः सुखलाभः ||42||
saṃtoṣād anuttamaḥ sukha-lābhaḥ ||42|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
saṃtoṣāt
ablative singular
substantive masculine
from contentment
anuttamaḥ
nominative singular masculine
adjective
unsurpassed
sukha
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
of pleasure
lābhaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
acquisition
From contentment (saṃtoṣāt | abl sg) [arises] the attainment of unsurpassed pleasure (anuttamaḥ sukha-lābhaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Contentment (saṃtoṣa) does not mean standing still. Before reaching for what comes next, feel for a moment what is already supporting you.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

On the unsurpassed happiness of saṃtoṣa, the Vyāsa-Bhāṣya quotes: neither sensual happiness in this world nor great celestial happiness amounts to a sixteenth part of the happiness that comes from the cessation of craving.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
From contentment there is acquired superlative felicity.
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
From contentment, superlative felicity.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Aus der Genügsamkeit erfolgt unübertreffliche Lusterlangung.
Paul Deussen - 1908
As a result of contentment there is an acquisition of superlative pleasure.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 2.43
कायेन्द्रियसिद्धिरशुद्धिक्षयात्तपसः ||43||
kāyendriya-siddhir aśuddhi-kṣayāt tapasaḥ ||43|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
kāya
dvandva-compound
substantive masculine
of the body
indriya
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
and the sense organs
siddhiḥ
nominative singular
substantive feminine
perfection
aśuddhi
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive feminine
of impurity
kṣayāt
ablative singular
substantive masculine
from removal
tapasaḥ
ablative singular
substantive neuter
from asceticism
From asceticism (tapasaḥ | abl sg), through the dwindling of impurity (aśuddhi-kṣayāt | abl sg), [arises] perfection of the body and the senses (kāyendriya-siddhiḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
A well-judged challenge (tapas) can awaken body and senses (kāya, indriya). Practise with warmth and resolve without overriding pain or exhaustion.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

Even while tapas is being performed, it destroys the impurity that acts as a covering. As this impurity disappears, bodily siddhi such as minuteness (aṇimā) and sensory siddhi such as hearing and seeing at a great distance arise.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
The perfection of the bodily senses by the removal of impurity (is the fruit) of austerity.
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
From penance, after the decay of impurities, the occult powers of the body and the senses.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
[Magische] Vollkommenheit von Leib und Sinnesorganen erfolgt, vermöge der Tilgung der Unreinheit, aus der Askese.
Paul Deussen - 1908
Perfection in the body and in the organs after impurity has dwindled as a result of self-castigation.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 2.44
स्वाध्यायादिष्टदेवतासंप्रयोगः ||44||
svādhyāyād iṣṭa-devatā-saṃprayogaḥ ||44|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
svādhyāyāt
ablative singular
substantive masculine
from recitation of sacred texts
iṣṭa
karmadhāraya-compound past participle passive
verbal root
chosen
devatā
tatpuruṣa-compound instrumental case
substantive feminine
with the deity
saṃprayogaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
communion
From recitation of sacred texts (svādhyāyāt | abl sg) [arises] communion with the chosen deity (iṣṭa-devatā-saṃprayogaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Read, recite, or inwardly explore a meaningful sentence (svādhyāya). Let its voice connect you with a chosen value or source of inspiration (iṣṭa-devatā).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

According to the Vyāsa-Bhāṣya, gods, seers and siddha appear to one devoted to svādhyāya and assist in his undertakings.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Through, inaudible muttering there is a meeting with one’s favourite deity.
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
From study, communion with the desired deity.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Aus dem Studium erfolgt Vereinigung mit der geliebten Gottheit.
Paul Deussen - 1908
As a result of study there is communion with the chosendeity.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 2.45
समाधिसिद्धिरीश्वरप्रणिधानात् ||45||
samādhi-siddhir īśvarapraṇidhānāt ||45|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
samādhi
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
of samādhi
siddhiḥ
nominative singular
substantive feminine
perfection
īśvarapraṇidhānāt
ablative singular
substantive neuter
from devotion to Īśvara
From devotion to Īśvara (īśvara-praṇidhānāt | abl sg) [arises] the perfection of samādhi (samādhi-siddhiḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
For a moment in meditation, let go of the outcome (īśvara-praṇidhāna). Devotion can deepen collectedness (samādhi) because you no longer have to force anything.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

One who has offered his whole being to Īśvara attains perfection of samādhi. Through it he knows without error what he seeks in other places, bodies and times; his insight knows things as they are.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
Perfection in meditation comes from persevering devotion of the Lord.
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
From devotion to the Lord, the accomplishment of meditation.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Vollendung der Versenkung erfolgt aus der Gottergebenheit.
Paul Deussen - 1908
Perfection of concentration as a result of devotion to the Īcvara.
James Haughton Woods - 1914

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Dr. Ronald Steiner

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The "Yoga Doc" - Dr. Ronald Steiner is the founder of the AYI method. This method links traditional Ashtanga Yoga with innovative Yogatherapy and living Philosophy. This forms a practice that is personal for each and... more ›

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Ich möchte mich für den modernen Transfer im YS 2.40 bedanken. Abneigung von der eigenen Körperlichkeit, wie in der wörtlichen Übersetzung zu lesen, passt so gar nicht in mein Verständnis und Erleben des Ashtanga. Dein moderner Transfer spiegelt für mich den tantrischen Einfluss auf den heutigen Yoga wieder und motiviert mich wiederum auch die anderen Sutren durch diese Brille zu betrachten.
Pantha Rhei
Liebe Grüße
Pitt
Wau. Danke.
Ja, sehe ich genauso. Die reine ~i~Sa.mkhya~~ Sicht ist für unsere moderne Praxis und Sichtweise etwas befremdlich.
An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich herzlich bedanken für die phantastischen Bemühungen von euch. Ich schätze es sehr, all diese wertvollen Aussagen in dieser Form geniessen zu können. Wunderbar!
yep, das kommt auch so rüber... always a pleasure
Wau. Vielen lieben Dank.
- Es bedeutet mir viel das Verständnis um den Yoga und auch die Freude am Yoga zu teilen.