ca च – and; also; but

Original text · English · Word type unspecified

ca ·(encl.) and, also; even, just; but, yet; if. It is often joined with api & eva. -- ca--ca as well--as, both-and (also ca--tu), no sooner-than, although -- yet; w. neg. neither--nor. ca--na ca (tu) although -- yet not, na ca--ca although not--nevertheless.

Original text · English · adjective

ca 3 . ca, as, ā, am, seedless; bad, vile, mischievous; (as), m. a thief; a tortoise; the moon; an epithet of Śiva.

Original text · English · particle

ca 2 . ca, ind. (a particle and conjunction usually translateable by) and, both, also, moreover, as well as. This conjunction, like the Lat. que and Gr. τε, is usually placed as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes, and when used with the personal pronouns these must appear in their fuller accented forms (e. g. tava ca mama ca, both of thee and of me, not te ca me ca). It con- nects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences, and seems to have been originally placed after both the words or clauses which it joins together, for in the Ṛg-veda the double ca occurs much more fre- quently than the single (e. g. ahaṃ ca tvaṃ ca, I and thou). The double ca may also be used somewhat redundantly in classical Sanskrit (e. g. kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra- sārāḥ śarās te, where is both the frail existence of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows ?). In the later literature, however, the first ca is more usually omitted (e. g. ahaṃ tvaṃ ca), and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca is often found (e. g. tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā, in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high condition). Elsewhere, when more than two things are enume- rated, ca is placed after some and omitted after others (e. g. ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaśca śrotriyo nadī, both the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brāhman [and] a river). In the Veda and even in classical Sanskrit, when the double ca would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted (e. g. Indraśca Somaḥ, both Indra [and] Soma; dur- bhedyaśca āśu-sandheyaḥ, both difficult to be divided [and] quickly to be united). Rarely ca may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed (e. g. kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ, the word karaka has the meaning ‘pitcher’ and other meanings).

Original text · English · Word type unspecified

ca 1 . ca, the twentieth letter of the alphabet, and first of the second or palatal class of consonants, having the simple sound of ch in church.

Original text · English · Word type unspecified

Ca may be used for vā and is then translateable by ‘either,’ ‘or’ (e. g. iha cāmutra vā, either here or hereafter; strī vā pumān vā yaccānyat sattvam, either a woman or a man or any other being); and when a negative particle is joined with ca the two may then be translated by ‘neither,’ ‘nor.’ Occasionally one ca or one na may be omitted (e. g. na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum, I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon; na pūrvāhṇe na ca parāhṇe, neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon).

Original text · English · Word type unspecified

Ca is often joined to the adverbs eva, api, tathā, tathaiva, &c., either with or without a negative particle (e. g. vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ, one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy). See eva, api, &c.

Original text · English · Word type unspecified

Ca sometimes = eva, even, indeed, certainly, just, &c. (e. g. su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma- mātreṇa karoty a-rogam, even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca sa, as great as they [were] just so great was he).

Original text · English · Word type unspecified

Ca may occasionally be disjunctive and be trans- lated by ‘but,’ ‘on the contrary,’ ‘on the other hand,’ ‘yet,’ ‘nevertheless’ (e. g. varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ, better the two first but not the last; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ, this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs).

Original text · English · Word type unspecified

Ca rarely = cet, if (e. g. jīvituṃ cecchase, if thou wishest to live).

Original text · English · Word type unspecified

Ca may be used as an expletive (e. g. anyaiśca kratubhiśca, and with other sacrifices). The native dictionaries assign to ca the following significations or forces: — conjunction (anv-ācaya), collective com- bination (sam-āhāra), mutual connection (itare- tara), and aggregation (sam-uccaya). For the meaning of ca after an interrogative see 2. ka, 2. kathā, &c.; [cf. Gr. τε; Lat. que, pe (in nempe, &c.); Goth. uh; Zend ca; Old Pers. câ.]

Original text · German · adjective · substantive masculine

2. ca 1〉 adj. a〉 samenlos. — b〉 böse, boshaft ŚABDAR._im_ŚKDR. — 2〉 m. a〉 Dieb. — b〉 Schildkröte. — c〉 der Mond. — d〉 Bein. Śivaʼs MED. k. 1.

Original text · German · Word type unspecified

1. ca enklit. Part. ŚĀNT. 1,22. Die Personalpronomina erscheinen in den volleren, betonten Formen nach P. 8,1,24. VOP. 3,143. grāmastava ca svaṃ mama ca svam P., Sch. tubhyaṃ mahyaṃ ca dadyātsvam VOP. 1〉 und, auch, τε, que; einzelne Theile des Satzes oder ganze Sätze aneinanderreihend. Scheint ursprünglich beiden zu verbindenden Wörtern und Satzgliedern nachgestellt worden zu sein und im ṚV. ist das doppelt gesetzte ca noch häufiger als das einfache. a〉 ca — ca, — und, sowohl — als auch: a̱haṃ ca̱ tvaṃ cà ṚV. 8,51,11. mi̱traśco̱bhā varùṇaśca ṚV. 5,68,2. a̱mī ca̱ ye ma̱ghavā̀no va̱yaṃ cà ṚV. 1,141,13. ṚV. 2,1,16. ā ca̱ parā̀ ca ṚV. 1,164,31. ṚV. 1,10,4. ṚV. 1,96,7. ṚV. 7,4,5. ṚV. 7,22,9. daśa cāṣṭau ca achtzehn M. 1,64. R. 1,5,7. asapiṇḍā ca yā māturasagotrā ca yā pituḥ M. 3,5. ācchādya cārcayitvā ca M. 27. saṃjīvayati cājasraṃ pramāpayati cāvyayaḥ M. 1,57. N. 3,21. N. 8,9. ŚĀK. 58. HIT. I, 11. HIT. I,112. HIT. I,164. RAGH. 1,16. RAGH. 1,68. kva ca te kṣatriyabalaṃ kva ca brahmabalaṃ mahat R. 1,56,4. R. 3,13,24. ŚĀK. 10. pūrvāhṇe ca parāhṇe ca talaṃ yasya na muñcati weder — noch Cit. beim Sch. zu ŚĀK. 86. na (aśnīyāt) grāmajātānyārto 'pi mūlāni ca phalāni ca M. 6,16. Das erste verbum fin. behält den Ton nach P. 8,1,58. P. 8,1,59. WHITNEY_in_J. Am. Or. Soc. V, 401. a̱yama̱smānvana̱spati̱rmā ca̱ hā mā cà rīriṣat ṚV. 3,53,20. na̱ma̱syantī̱rupà ca̱ yanti̱ saṃ cā̀ viśanti ṚV. 9,95,3. — b〉 wird an erster Stelle weggelassen: ya̱jñaṃ ha̱viścà ṚV. 1,12,10. a̱mṛta̱ṃ martyàṃ ca ṚV. 35,2. ṚV. 7,4. ṚV. 10,5. ṚV. 13,1. ṚV. 14,1. ṚV. 17,6. ṚV. 25,11. ṚV. 31,9. tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā N. 12,6. N. 1,9. N. 1,10. HIT. I, 33. pāṭavaṃ saṃskṛtoktiṣu .. vācāṃ sarvatra vaicitryaṃ nītividyāṃ dadāti ca (gehört zu nīti˚) .. HIT. Pr. 2. nipetuste garutmantaḥ sā dadarśa ca tāngaṇān N. 1,22. N. 2,15. dāsānāṃ bhujavegena nadyāḥ srotojalena ca . vāyunā cānukūlena HIḌ. 1,2. na — na ca weder — noch N. 10,21. — c〉 steht nur an erster Stelle: indràśca vāyo ṚV. 4,47,2. indràśca soma ṚV. 7,104,25. ṚV. 4,50,10. a̱gniścà soma ṚV. 1,93,5., iha cāmutra M. 9,322. pretya ceha M. 3,20. durbhedyaścāśusaṃdheyaḥ HIT. I, 86. na khalu ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum weder — noch ŚAK. 115. — d〉 bei mehreren zu verbindenden Wörtern unregelmässig gesetzt: madhuparke ca yajñe ca pitṛdaivatakarmaṇi (fehlt zuletzt) M. 5,41. karṇau carma ca bālāṃśca vastiṃ snāyuṃ ca rocanām M. 8,234. ṛṇadātā ca vaidyaśca śrotriyaḥ sujalā nadī ad HIT. I, 100. HIT. I, Pr. 26. N. 12,5. — e〉 mit Weglassung desjenigen Wortes oder derjenigen Wörter, an welche angeknüpft wird: kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ hat (unter andern) auch die Bedeutung von ka˚ AK. 3,4,1,6. AK. 3,4,1,15. u. s. w. — f〉 bisweilen müssig: īje cāpyaśvamedhena yayātiriva nāhuṣaḥ . anyaiśca bahubhirdhīmānkratubhiścāptadakṣiṇaiḥ .. N. 5,43. — g〉 in Verbind. mit anderen Partikeln: caiva (in M. wohl 300 Mal): vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ weder — noch M. 4,133. caiva — caiva N. 22,29. BRĀHMAṆ. 2,25. caiva — ca N. 4,2. N. 4,20. BRĀHMAṆ. 2,25. ca — caiva N. 5,16. caiva hi (am Ende eines Halbverses) M. 2,105. M. 3,116. M. 3,207. M. 3,232. M. 4,25. cāpi M. 1,14. M. 3,179. ca — cāpi N. 10,16. R. 1,4,8. cāpi — ca N. 5,45. api ca (vgl. u. api 2.), na — na — api ca (ohne Neg.) N. 1,13. sakhyaṃ prītiṃ cāpi na kārayet weder — noch HIT. I, 74. na — na cāpi HIT. I, 15. api caiva M. 1,105. caivāpi M. 4,6. M. 8,128. ca tathā M. 6,62. INDR. 1,6. tathā ca N. 4,8. tathaiva ca M. 7,150. M. 7,153. M. 8,291. M. 8,292. M. 9,291. R. 1,3,13. — 2〉 wechselt mit vā oder und vertritt dessen Stelle: iha cāmutra vā M. 12,89. strī vā pumānvā yaccānyatsattvaṃ nagararāṣṭrajam R. 1,9,21. na te bhayaṃ naravyāghra daṃṣṭribhyaḥ śatruto 'pi vā . brahmarṣibhyaśca bhavitā N. 14,18. asyāraṇyasya devī tvamutāho 'sya mahībhṛtaḥ . asyāśca nadyāḥ N. 12,53. — 3〉 auch, selbst, sogar: kasya bibhyati devāśca R. 1,1,4. sucintitaṃ cauṣadhamāturāṇāṃ na nāmamātreṇa karotyarogam HIT. I, 162. yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi kartavyāṇi śatāni ca ad HIT. 17,3. ŚĀK. 6,5. rahitā bhartṛbhiścaiva na krudhyanti kadā ca na N. 18,9. — 4〉 und zwar: dhruvamatra jalasthānaṃ mahacceti matirmama HIḌ. 1,26. āneṣyāmo vayaṃ taṃ ca na ca doṣo bhaviṣyati R. 1,8,21. — 5〉 = eva gerade, eben: te tu yāvanta evājau tāvāṃśca dadṛśe sa taiḥ RAGH. 12,45. Vgl. den Sch. zu P. 2,1,17. P. 2,1,72, der das ca bei P. so auffasst. — 6〉 verbindet Gegensätze, α〉 aber, dagegen: mūrkho 'pi śobhate tāvatsabhāyāṃ vastraveṣṭitaḥ . tāvacca śobhate mūrkho yāvatkiṃcinna bhāṣate .. HIT. Pr. 39. HIT. Pr. I, 33. HIT. Pr. 50. kalinā tatkṛtaṃ karma tvaṃ ca mūḍha na budhyase N. 26,21. pitā yasya tu vṛttaḥ syājjīveccāpi pitāmahaḥ M. 3,221. yadi ca N. 9,35. atha ca v. l. für atha tu ŚĀK. 123. atha vā ca MBH. 12,7328. varamādyau na cāntimaḥ HIT. Pr. 12. HIT. Pr. 16. N. 3,16. — β〉 dennoch: śāntamidamāśramapadaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ ŚĀK. 15. kāmātmatā na praśastā na caivehāstyakāmatā M. 2,2. apanetuṃ ca yatito na caiva śakito mayā HIḌ. 4,33. prajākāmaḥ sa cāprajaḥ N. 1,5. N. 1,28. N. 9,4. N. 21,29. R. 1,1,36. VID. 25. — 7〉 ca — ca kaum — so, den unmittelbaren Zusammenhang zweier Ereignisse hervorhebend: te ca prāpurudanvantaṃ bubudhe cādipūruṣaḥ RAGH. 10,6. RAGH. 3,40. KUMĀRAS. 3,58. KUMĀRAS. 3,66. ŚĀK. 126. ŚĀK. 135. in iti ca śastraṃ saṃdhatte ŚĀK. 94,13 scheint ca gleichfalls anzudeuten, dass der König den Pfeil unmittelbar, nachdem er gesprochen, auflege; vgl. auch: tasyāścetprasaro datto dāsyaṃ ca (sogleich) śirasi sthitam HIT. I, 178. yastariṣyati paścācca (unmittelbar darauf) so 'syā bhartā bhaviṣyati VID. 199. — 8〉 = ced wenn P. 8,1,30 (durch caṇ vom andern ca unterschieden). WHITNEY_in_J. Am. Or. Soc. V, 395. hiṃste̱ adàttā̱ purùṣaṃ yāci̱tāṃ ca̱ na ditsàti AV. 12,4,13. na cà pratyāha̱nyānmanàsā tvā pra̱tyāha̱nmītì pra̱tyāhànyāt AV. 8,10,31. AV. 11,3,28. AV. 11,3,29. indràśca mṛ̱ḻayā̀ti no̱ na nàḥ pa̱ścāda̱ghaṃ nàśat ṚV. 2,41,11. tvaṃ cà soma no̱ vaśò jī̱vātu̱ṃ na màrāmahe ṚV. 1,91,6. ṚV. 3,43,4. jīvituṃ cecchase mūḍha hetuṃ me gadataḥ śṛṇu DRAUP. 9,10. lobhaścāsti guṇena kiṃ piśunatā yadyasti kiṃ pātakaiḥ BHARTṚ. 2,45. — 9〉 über die Bed. von ca nach einem pron. interr. s. u. ka, kathā u. s. w. Eine verallgemeinernde Bed. hat ca, wie es scheint, auch nach dem pron. relat.: ye ca — teṣām alle welche N. 20,29. — Die Lexicographen kennen folgende Bedd.: anvācaya, samāhāra, itaretara (anyo'nyārtha), samuccaya AK. 3,4,32,2. H. an. 7,8. MED. avy. 13. viniścaya = avadhāraṇa = avadhṛti (so st. avadhūti zu lesen H. an.) AK. 3,5,15, v. l. TRIK. 3,3,465. H. an. MED. pādapūraṇa AK. 3,5,5. TRIK. H. an. MED. pakṣāntara TRIK. H. an. MED. hetu TRIK. H. an. tulyayogitā und viniyoga H. an. — cana s. bes.

Original text · German · Word type unspecified

1. ca 10〉 ca — na tu obgleich — dennoch nicht Spr. (II) 1672. ca — na ca dass. PAT. a. a. O. 1,49,a. na ca — ca obgleich nicht — so doch ebend.

Original text · German · adjective · substantive masculine

2. *ca — 1〉 Adj. — a〉 rein VIŚVA. — b〉 sich hinundher bewegend ebend. — c〉 bös, boshaft. — d〉 samenlos. — 2〉 m. — a〉 Dieb VIŚVA. — b〉 der Mond. — c〉 Schildkröte.

Original text · German · particle

1. ca Conj. — 1〉 und, auch, τε, que. Steht hinter beiden zu verbindenden Theilen (oft durch sowohl — als auch wiederzugeben), nur nach dem letzten oder nur nach dem ersten. Bei drei und mehr zu verbindenden Theilen überall, nur nach dem letzten oder hier und da. In gebundener Rede steht ca bisweilen an unrichtiger Stelle (vaicitryaṃ nītividyāṃ dadāti ca st. ca da˚) und auch müssig. Werden zwei Sätze durch wiederholtes ca verbunden, so hat das erste Verbum finitum den Ton. ca — ca in einem negativen Satze weder -noch; na khalu ca — naiva dass. Grammatiker, Lexicographen und Erklärer gebrauchen ca oft elliptisch (auch so v. a. dieses und noch Anderes). In Verbindung mit andern Partikeln; caiva, caiva — caiva, caiva — ca, ca — caiva, caiva hi (am Ende eines Halbverses), cāpi, ca — cāpi, cāpi — ca, api ca, na — na — api ca (mit fehlender Negation), na — na cāpi, api caiva, caivāpi, ca tathā, tathā ca, tathaiva ca. — 2〉 ca — tu = ca — ca sowohl — als auch Chr. 110,13. — 3〉 oder, mit vā wechselnd oder dessen Stelle vertretend (nach utāho). — 4〉 auch, selbst, sogar. — 5〉 und zwar. — 6〉 gerade, eben (ausnahmsweise). — 7〉 aber, dagegen Chr. 43,18. Insbes. nach yadi, atha [Page2-203-a] (hier v. l. tu), atha vā. na caiva — tu nicht aber Chr. 193,28. — 8〉 dennoch. — 9〉 ca — ca kaum. — so ein ca an zweiter Stelle ohne ein vorangehendes ca alsbald, sogleich. — 10〉 ca — ca obgleich — dennoch VIKR. 28. ca — na tu und ca — na ca obgleich-dennoch nicht. na ca — ca obgleich nicht — so doch. — 11〉 wenn (mit betontem Verbum fin.) VIKR. 39. — 12〉 über die Bed. von ca nach einem Interrogativum s. u. 1. ka 2〉a〉, 1. kathā 1〉, kim 2〉d〉ϑ〉, kutra 7〉 und kva 5〉b〉.

Original text · German · Word type unspecified

1. ca II. Z. 12. fgg. Vgl. Z. d. d. m. G. 41,516. fgg. KNAUER in Festgr. 62. fgg. [Nachtrag, Band 7]

Original text · English · adjective · particle · substantive masculine

ca a. 1 Seedless. 2 Bad, vile. — caḥ 1 An epithet of Śiva. 2 Chewing, eating. 3 The moon. 4 A tortoise. 5 A thief. — ind. A particle expressing 1 Copulation (and, also as well as, moreover) used to join words or assertions together; (in this sense it is used with each ([Page 0479-2b]) of the words or assertions which it joins together; or it is used after the last of the words or assertions so joined, but it never stands first in a sentence): mano niṣṭhāśūnyaṃ bhramati ca kimapyālikhati ca Māl. 1. 31; tau gururgurupatnī ca prītyā pratinanaṃdatuḥ R. 1. 57; Ms. 1. 64; Ms. 3. 5; ([Page 0479-2c]) kulena kāṃtyā vayasā navena guṇaiśca taistairvinayapradhānaiḥ R. 6. 79; Ms. 1. 105; Ms. 3. 116. 2 Disjunction (but, still, yet); śāṃtamidamāśramapadaṃ raphurati ca bāhuḥ Ś. 1. 16. 3 Certainty, determination, (indeed, certainly, exactly, quite, having the force of eva); atītaḥ paṃthānaṃ tava ca mahimā vāṅmanasayoḥ G. M.; ([Page 0480-a]) te tu yāvaṃta evājau tāvāṃśca dadṛśe sa taiḥ R. 12. 45. 4 Condition (if = cet); jīvituṃ cecchase (= icchase ced) mūḍha hetuṃ me gadataḥ śṛṇu Mb.; lobhaścāsti (asti ced) guṇena kiṃ Bh. 2. 45 v. l. 5 It is often used expletively (pādapūraṇārthe); bhīmaḥ pārthastathaiva ca G. M. (Lexicographers give, besides the above, the following senses of ca which are included in the general idea of copulation; 1 anvācaya joining a subordinate fact with a principal one; bho bhikṣāmaṭa gāṃ cānaya; see anvācaya. 2 samāhāra collective combination; as pāṇī ca pādau ca pāṇipādaṃ. 2 itaṃratarayoga or mutual connection; as plakṣaśca nyagrodhaśca plakṣanyagrodhau. 4 samuccaya aggregation; as pacati ca paṭhati ca). ca is frequently repeated with two assertions (1) in the sense of ‘on the one hand-on the other hand’, ‘though-yet’, to denote antithesis; na sulabhā sakaleṃdumukhī ca sā kimapi cedamanaṃgaviceṣṭitaṃ V. 2. 9; V. 4. 3; R. 16. 7; or (2) to express simultaneous or undelayed occurrence of two events (no sooner than, as soon as); te ca prāpurudanvaṃtaṃ bubudhe cādipūruṣaḥ R. 10. 6; R. 3. 40; R. 11. 50, R. 11. 81; Ku. 3. 58, Ku. 3. 66; Ś. 6. 7; Māl. 9. 39.

Original text · German · Word type unspecified

ca (encl.) und, que (meist wiederholt gebraucht), und zwar; auch, sogar; eben, ja, gerade; aber, dagegen, dennoch; wenn. Oft durch api oder eva verstärkt. ca—ca sowohl—als auch (auch ca—tu), kaum — so, obgleich —dennoch; mit Neg. weder—noch. ca—na ca (tu) obgleich—dennoch nicht; na ca—ca obgleich nicht—so doch.

Original text · French · adjective

ca ca a. stérile; vile, bas. — S. m. la Lune. Voleur. Tortue.

Original text · French · Word type unspecified

ca ca, 20 lettre et 1ʳᵉ palatale dans l'alphabet sanscrit. Elle procède presque toujours de ka ka, dont elle est un adoucissement, comme le prouve le redoublement de tous les verbes commençant par k. Dans les autres langues âryennes elle répond ordinairement à k, q, ϰ; qqf. aussi à σϰ, sc, à t, à φ et même à s. L'articulation palatale de ca se trouve néanmoins dans presque toutes ces langues.

Original text · French · Word type unspecified

ca ca [conjonction enclitique] et; aussi, même, avec api ou eva. Lat. que; gr. τε, ϰαὶ.