PYS 3.17–20: Außergewöhnliches Wissen
PYS 3.17–20: Außergewöhnliches Wissen

Yogaśāstra 3.17–20: Speech, Births, Another Citta

Saṃyama reveals the speech of all beings, past births, and another's citta; the object of another's cognition remains unknown without separate saṃyama.

Dr. Ronald Steiner Dr. Ronald Steiner Laura von Ostrowski Laura von Ostrowski
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 3.17
शब्दार्थप्रत्ययानामितरेतराध्यासात्संकरस्तत्प्रविभागसंयमात्सर्वभूतरुतज्ञानम् ||17||
śabdārtha-pratyayānām itaretarādhyāsāt saṃkaras tat-pravibhāga-saṃyamāt sarva-bhūta-ruta-jñānam ||17|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
śabda
dvandva-compound
substantive masculine
Word, sound
artha
dvandva-compound
substantive masculine
thing, object, meaning
pratyayānām
genitive plural
substantive masculine
Ideas, impressions
itaretara
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
each other
adhyāsāt
ablative singular
substantive masculine
misattribution, superimposition
saṃkaraḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
mixing
tat
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
pronoun dem
this
pravibhāga
tatpuruṣa-compound lokative
substantive masculine
Separation, distinction
saṃyamāt
ablative singular
substantive masculine
Meditation, binding together
sarva
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
all
bhūta
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
beings, living beings
ruta
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
sound, call, expression
jñānam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
Knowledge, understanding
From the mutual superimposition (itaretarādhyāsāt | abl sg) of word, object, and cognition (śabdārtha-pratyayānām | gen pl) [arises] confusion (saṃkaraḥ | nom sg). Through Saṃyama on their distinction (tat-pravibhāga-saṃyamāt | abl sg) [arises] knowledge of the sounds of all beings (sarva-bhūta-ruta-jñānam | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Listen to a sound and distinguish the sound itself (śabda), what it means (artha), and your inner response (pratyaya). This pause creates space for closer listening and genuine understanding.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

The Vyāsa-Bhāṣya distinguishes the word or sound (śabda), the object signified (artha), and the cognition (pratyaya). In ordinary language, convention and memory superimpose them upon one another. Saṃyama on their precise separation brings understanding of the utterances of all beings.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
A confusedness of Śabda (an uttered sound or a word). Artha i.e., class, quality, action etc. and pratyaya (knowledge) arises from comprehending these three indiscriminately. (But when an ascetic views these separately by performing sanyama, restraint, with regard to them, A knowledge (is produced in him) of the speech of all living beings (i.e., he has a power of understanding theirs spech).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
The word, the objected denoted by it and its idea are commingled with one another, on account of their being mistaken for one another; hence by sanyama over the distinct provinces of each of these, (arises) the comprehension of the cry of all creatures.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Indem man bei der Erkenntnis von Worten und Begriffen eines auf ein anderes überträgt, entsteht eine Vermengung; indem man bei ihrer Unterscheidung die Allzucht anwendet, erfolgt das Verstehen der Stimmen aller Tiere.
Paul Deussen - 1908
Word and intended-object and presented-idea are confused because they are erroneously identified with each other. By constraint upon the distinctions between them [there arises the intuitive] knowledge of the cries of all living beings.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 3.18
संस्कारसाक्षात्करणात्पूर्वजातिज्ञानम् ||18||
saṃskāra-sākṣātkaraṇāt pūrva-jāti-jñānam ||18|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
saṃskāra
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
Imprints, old impressions
sākṣātkaraṇāt
ablative singular
substantive neuter
direct perception, realization
pūrva
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
earlier, preceded
jāti
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive feminine
birth, life
jñānam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
Knowledge, understanding
From direct perception of the imprints (saṃskāra-sākṣātkaraṇāt | abl sg) [arises] knowledge of previous births (pūrva-jāti-jñānam | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
See a recurring reaction as an imprint (saṃskāra), not as a fixed identity. When you sense its trace in the body, its history may become easier to understand, opening the possibility of a new response.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

The Vyāsa-Bhāṣya distinguishes dispositional imprints that cause memory and the Kleśas from karmic imprints that cause fruition. They can be directly perceived only together with their place, time, cause, and experience; this yields knowledge of one’s own and others’ previous births. The story of Jaigīṣavya illustrates that even heavenly experience counts as suffering when compared with kaivalya.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
A knowledge of the class (etc., experienced) in former birth (arises) from presenting to our mind (sākṣātkaraṇa)– the trains of self-productive thought– samskāras (of the internal organ).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
By the mental presentation of the impressions, the knowledge of previous births.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Aus der Vergegenwärtigung der Sâṃskâra’s [der aus den Werken einer frühern Geburt resultierenden Charaktereindrücke] erfolgt Kenntnis der frühern Geburt.
Paul Deussen - 1908
As a result of direct-perception of subliminal impressions there is [intuitive] knowledge of previous births.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 3.19
प्रत्ययस्य परचित्तज्ञानम् ||19||
pratyayasya para-citta-jñānam ||19|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
pratyayasya
genitive singular
substantive masculine
idea, impression
para
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
different, foreign
citta
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
Perceptual space, mind
jñānam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
Knowledge, understanding
[Through Saṃyama] on a cognition (pratyayasya | gen sg) [arises] knowledge of another’s Citta (para-citta-jñānam | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
When you listen to someone, do not get stuck in your interpretation. Notice what shows itself through their words, breath, and posture; this can foster a tentative sense of their inner world (para-citta).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

The Vyāsa-Bhāṣya interprets knowledge of another’s Citta as the result of saṃyama on a cognition (pratyaya):

  • The yogin directs saṃyama toward the cognition associated with another mind.
  • The state or content of that other Citta thereby becomes knowable.
  • What is known first is the cognition itself, not automatically every object on which that cognition is based.

The following Sūtra, 3.20, states this limitation explicitly.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
The mind of other persons becomes known to (an ascetic) when he performs sanyama (restraint) with regard to the pratyaya– knowledge (contained in it i.e. in the mind of other persons).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
With reference to cognition, the knowledge of another's mind.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
[Durch Anwendung der Allzucht] auf die Vorstellung [die einer von einem andern hat] erfolgt Kenntnis des Cittam des andern.
Paul Deussen - 1908
[As a result of constraint] upon a presented-idea [there arises intuitive] knowledge of the mind-stuff of another.
James Haughton Woods - 1914
Patañjali Yoga Sūtra 3.20
न च तत्सालम्बनं तस्याविषयीभूतत्वात् ||20||
na ca tat sālambanaṃ tasyāviṣayī-bhūtatvāt ||20|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
na
particle
not
ca
particle
but
tat
nominative singular neuter
pronoun dem
this
sālambanam
nominative singular neuter
adjective
accompanied by a supporting object
tasya
genitive singular
pronoun dem
of it
aviṣayī
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
not an object
bhūtatvāt
ablative singular
substantive neuter
being, existence
But (ca) this [knowledge] (tat | nom sg n) is not (na) accompanied by its supporting object [the object of the other cognition] (sālambanam | nom sg n), because that [supporting object] (tasya | gen sg) has not become the object [of Saṃyama] (aviṣayī-bhūtatvāt | abl sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Even deep empathy reveals only what is being expressed, not necessarily what lies behind it. Keep your understanding open and ask questions instead of claiming certainty about another person.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

The Vyāsa-Bhāṣya limits the claim made in 3.19: the yogin may know, for example, that another person’s cognition is colored by attachment, but not what it is directed toward. The object of the other Citta was not itself the object of the yogin’s saṃyama.

Yoga Śāstra Vyāsa-Bhāṣya
tat ] om. PM2026
Critical Apparatus

Without tat, the sentence generally states that another person’s mental content is not known together with its support. PE1904 has an explicit backward reference through tat. The omission in PM2026 smooths the wording but barely changes the teaching; meter supplies no criterion.

Apparatus Comment
It i.e. (the mind of other persons) is not comprehended with its Ālambana– support i.e., object (to an ascetic) because it was not the object (of Sanyama which he, the ascetic, made use of in comprehending the mind).
James R. Ballantyne - 1852
But not along with its object, that not being the object.
Ganganatha Jha - 1907
Diese Kenntnis schließt nicht ein dasjenige, worauf [als Objekt] des Cittam des andern sich bezieht, weil dieses nicht zum Gegenstand [der Allzucht] gemacht worden war.
Paul Deussen - 1908
But [the intuitive knowledge of the presented-idea of another] does not have that [idea] together with that upon which it depends [as its object], since that upon which it depends is not-in-the-field [of consciousness].
James Haughton Woods - 1914

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Dr. Ronald Steiner

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The "Yoga Doc" - Dr. Ronald Steiner is the founder of the AYI method. This method links traditional Ashtanga Yoga with innovative Yogatherapy and living Philosophy. This forms a practice that is personal for each and... more ›

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F
Danke für die Inspiration!
So alt und so wahr :-)
Könnte aktueller nicht sein. Jemanden oder etwas so wahrnehmen, wie er/es wirklich ist, eine hohe, erstrebenswerte Kunst!