Illustration for the Haṭha Pradīpikā section “HP 1.55-1.57: Transition to Kumbhaka”.
Illustration for the Haṭha Pradīpikā section “HP 1.55-1.57: Transition to Kumbhaka”.

Haṭha Pradīpikā 1.55-1.57: Transition to Kumbhaka and Nāda

After the Āsanas, actual practice is what matters: purification of the Nāḍīs, Mudrā, breath, and Nāda lead onward, not clothing or talk.

Dr. Ronald Steiner Dr. Ronald Steiner
Haṭha Pradīpikā 1.55
एवमासनबन्धेषु योगीन्द्रो विजितश्रमः |
evam āsana-bandheṣu; yogīndro vijita-śramaḥ | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
evam
adverb
thus, in this way
āsana
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
āsana, posture
bandheṣu
lokative plural
substantive masculine
in the configurations, postures
yogīndraḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
the great yogin
vijita
karmadhāraya-compound past participle passive
previx
verbal root
conquered, overcome
śramaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
effort, fatigue
अथाभ्यसेन्नाडिशुद्धिं मुद्रादिपवनक्रियाम् ||55||
athābhyasen, nāḍi-śuddhiṃ; mudrādi-pavana-kriyām ||55|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
atha
particle
then, now
abhyaset
3rd person singular aktive optative
previx
verbal root
he should practise
nāḍī
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive feminine
nāḍī
śuddhim
accusative singular
substantive feminine
purification
mudrā
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive feminine
mudrā
ādi
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
beginning with, and others
pavana
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
breath, wind
kriyām
accusative singular
substantive feminine
practice, operation
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
When the great yogi (yogīndraḥ | nom sg), in this way (evam), has overcome fatigue (vijita-śramaḥ | nom sg) in the binds of the postures (āsana-bandheṣu | loc pl), he should now (atha) practise (abhyaset | 3p sg act opt) purification of the channels (nāḍī-śuddhim | acc sg), namely the breath techniques with mudrās and other methods (mudrā-ādi-pavana-kriyām | acc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Once Āsana practice no longer causes fatigue, the yogi should proceed to Mudrā and further breathing techniques. These purify the Nāḍīs.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer
vijitaśramaḥ MBHDL2026 ] vigataśramaḥ NS1882
Critical Apparatus
The expert Yogîs call this Gorakśa âsana. By sitting with this âsana, the Yogî gets rid of fatigue
Pancham Sinh - 1915
The Siddhas and the Yogis call this Gorakshasana. Thus the Yogi should untiringly practise all these Asanas until he feels no pains or fatigue.
Srinivasa Iyangar - 1893
Haṭha Pradīpikā 1.56
आसनं कुम्भकं चित्रं मुद्राख्यं करणं तथा |
āsanaṃ kumbhakaṃ citraṃ; mudrākhyaṃ karaṇaṃ tathā | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
āsanam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
āsana, posture
kumbhakam
nominative singular
substantive masculine
breath retention
citram
nominative singular neuter
adjective
manifold
mudrā
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive feminine
mudrā, seal
ākhyam
nominative singular neuter
adjective
called
karaṇam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
technique, operation
tathā
adverb
likewise, also
अथ नादानुसन्धानमभ्यासानुक्रमो हठे ||56||
atha nādānusandhānam; abhyāsānukramo haṭhe ||56|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
atha
adverb
then
nāda
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
inner sound
anusandhānam
nominative singular
substantive neuter
investigation, concentration
abhyāsa
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
practice
anukramaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
sequence
haṭhe
lokative singular
substantive masculine
in Haṭha
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
The sequence of practice (abhyāsa-anukramaḥ | nom sg) in Haṭha (haṭhe | loc sg) is posture (āsanam | nom sg), manifold breath retention (citraṃ kumbhakam | nom sg), likewise (tathā) the technique called mudrā (mudrā-ākhyaṃ karaṇam | nom sg), and then (atha) concentration on the inner sound (nāda-anusandhānam | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
The sequence of practice in Haṭha is Āsana, Kumbhaka, Mudrā or Karaṇa, and finally attending to the inner sound.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

Brahmānanda understands Haṭha here as a sequence of four parts: Āsana, the various Kumbhakas, the procedures called Mudrā, and finally Nādānusandhāna, absorption in the inner sound. He sees the remaining higher limbs of yoga, from withdrawal of the senses through Samādhi, as included in this final stage of absorption in sound.

Brahmānanda's Jyotsnā - 19th c.
The Nâdis should be cleansed of their impurities by performing the mudrâs, etc., (which are the practices relating to the air) Âsanas, Kumbhakas and various curious mûdrâs.
Pancham Sinh - 1915
Then he should purify the Nadis, by performing Pranayama and practise Mudras and Kumbhakas of various sorts.
Srinivasa Iyangar - 1893
Asana, die verschiedenen Kumbhaka, die Mudra genannte Uebung und das Versenken in den Nada; dies ist die Reihenfolge der Uebungen im Hatha.
Hermann Walter - 1893
Haṭha Pradīpikā 1.57
ब्रह्मचारी मिताहारी योगी योगपरायणः |
brahmacārī mitāhārī; yogī yoga-parāyaṇaḥ | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
brahmacārī
nominative singular
substantive masculine
the celibate practitioner, brahmacārin
mita
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
measured
āhārī
nominative singular masculine
adjective
eating, nourishing himself
yogī
nominative singular
substantive masculine
the yogin
yoga
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
yoga
parāyaṇaḥ
nominative singular masculine
adjective
devoted
अब्दादूर्ध्वं भवेत्सिद्धो नात्र कार्या विचारणा ||57||
abdād ūrdhvaṃ bhavet siddho; nātra kāryā vicāraṇā ||57|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
abdāt
ablative singular
substantive masculine
after one year
ūrdhvam
adverb
thereafter, beyond that
bhavet
3rd person singular aktive optative
verbal root
becomes
siddhaḥ
nominative singular masculine past participle passive
verbal root
perfected, successful
na
particle
no
atra
adverb
here
kāryā
nominative singular feminine future participle passive
verbal root
to be made
vicāraṇā
nominative singular
substantive feminine
consideration, doubt
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
The celibate (brahmacārī | nom sg), moderate-eating (mita-āhārī | nom sg m) yogi (yogī | nom sg), devoted to yoga (yoga-parāyaṇaḥ | nom sg m), becomes accomplished (siddhaḥ | nom sg m ppp) after one year (abdāt | abl sg) and beyond (ūrdhvam). Here (atra) no further consideration (vicāraṇā | nom sg) is to be made (kāryā | nom sg f pfp).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
With moderation in food, Brahmacarya, and dedication to yoga, success can mature within a year. The text leaves no room for doubt.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

Here Brahmacārin denotes one who lives in continence. Brahmānanda can understand tyāgin both as generous and as detached from sense objects. He defines the Siddhi promised after one year more narrowly as the consummation of Haṭha, not necessarily as final liberation.

Brahmānanda's Jyotsnā - 19th c.
yogī yogaparāyaṇaḥ MBHDL2026 ] tyāgī yogaparāyaṇaḥ NS1882
Critical Apparatus
By regular and close attention to Nâda (anâhata nâda) in Haṭha Yoga, a Brahmachari, sparing in diet, unattached to objects of enjoyment, and devoted to Yoga, gains success, no doubt, within a year.
Pancham Sinh - 1915
Then in the course of Yoga, the concentration upon the Nada (sounds from the Anahata Chakra or the cardiac plexus) comes next. The Brahmachari (devoted to Brahma), who leads a chaste life and, observing a moderate diet, practises this Yoga, renouncing the fruits of his actions, becomes a Siddha after a year; there need be no doubt about this.
Srinivasa Iyangar - 1893
Keusch, mässig im Essen, der Welt entsagend, nur dem Yoga nachstrebend wird man nach einem Jahr vollkommen; daran darf nicht gezweifelt werden.
Hermann Walter - 1893

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The "Yoga Doc" - Dr. Ronald Steiner is the founder of the AYI method. This method links traditional Ashtanga Yoga with innovative Yogatherapy and living Philosophy. This forms a practice that is personal for each and... more ›

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