Handwritten Devanāgarī lines on a manuscript page.

Numeral one · eka (n.)

Compare the forms of eka by case and number. Use the table to recognise endings and practise the forms in the matching game.

Notes on the forms

The forms follow Whitney’s Sanskrit Grammar. At the end of a word spoken on its own, ḥ represents final s or r; āi and āu appear as ai and au. You can show word accents in the Latin transliteration (IAST). Forms labelled as models follow the formation rules. The game uses the filled cells.

one / some · neuter

Numeral one · eka (n.)
CasesSingularDualPlural
Nominative
ekam · एकम् Model form
one 		—Not applicable
ekāni · एकानि Model form
some
Accusative
ekam · एकम् Model form
one 		—Not applicable
ekāni · एकानि Model form
some
Instrumental
ekena · एकेन Model form
with one 		—Not applicable
ekaiḥ · एकैः Model form
with some
Dative
ekasmai · एकस्मै Model form
to one 		—Not applicable
ekebhyaḥ · एकेभ्यः Model form
to some
Ablative
ekasmāt · एकस्मात् Model form
from one 		—Not applicable
ekebhyaḥ · एकेभ्यः Model form
from some
Genitive
ekasya · एकस्य Model form
of one 		—Not applicable
ekeṣām · एकेषाम् Model form
of some
Locative
ekasmin · एकस्मिन् Model form
at one 		—Not applicable
ekeṣu · एकेषु Model form
at some
Vocative
ekam · एकम् Model form
O one 		—Not applicable
ekāni · एकानि Model form
O some

For numerals, the word itself determines whether singular, dual or plural is used. The table follows the source. Model forms show how the formation rules apply, with earlier forms and variants listed alongside.

Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 482a–c; VII 524

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