HP 4.20-4.27: Four Stages of Nāda
HP 4.20-4.27: Four Stages of Nāda

Haṭha Pradīpikā 4.20-4.27: The Four Stages of Nāda Practice

From Ārambha through Ghaṭa and Paricaya to Niṣpatti, knots are pierced, sounds become subtler, and Rājayoga arises.

Dr. Ronald Steiner Dr. Ronald Steiner
Haṭha Pradīpikā 4.20
ब्रह्मग्रन्थेर्भवेद्भेदाद् आनन्दः शून्यसंभवः |
brahma-granther bhaved bhedād; ānandaḥ śūnya-saṃbhavaḥ | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
brahman
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
of Brahman
grantheḥ
genitive singular
substantive masculine
of the knot
bhavet
3rd person singular aktive optative
verbal root
may arise
bhedāt
ablative singular
substantive masculine
through piercing
ānandaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
bliss
śūnya
tatpuruṣa-compound ablative
adjective
from the void
saṃbhava
nominative singular masculine
adjective
arising
विचित्रक्वणको देहे ऽनाहतः श्रूयते ध्वनिः ||20||
vicitra-kvaṇako dehe; 'nāhataḥ śrūyate dhvaniḥ ||20|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
vicitra
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
various
kvaṇakaḥ
nominative singular masculine
adjective
resonant
deha
lokative singular
substantive masculine
in the body
anāhataḥ
nominative singular masculine
adjective
unstruck
śrūyate
3rd person singular passive present
verbal root
is heard
dhvaniḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
sound
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Through the piercing (bhedāt | abl sg) of the Brahma knot (brahma-grantheḥ | gen sg), joy (ānandaḥ | nom sg) arising from the void (śūnya-saṃbhavaḥ | nom sg m) comes about (bhavet | 3p sg act opt). Within the body (dehe | loc sg), the unstruck sound (anāhataḥ dhvaniḥ | nom sg), resonating in manifold ways (vicitra-kvaṇakaḥ | nom sg m), is heard (śrūyate | 3p sg pas pres).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
At the beginning stage, the Brahma knot opens: joy rises from the void, and the inner, unstruck sound becomes audible within the body.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

At the beginning stage, Prāṇāyāma pierces the Brahma knot in the region of Anāhata. For Brahmānanda, the “empty space” mentioned here is the space of the heart. The ringing heard there belongs to the unstruck inner sound and marks the beginning of the central movement of breath.

Brahmānanda's Jyotsnā - 19th c.
brahmagranther bhaved bhedād ānandaḥ MBHDL2026 ] brahmagranther bhaved bhedo hy ānandaḥ NS1882
Critical Apparatus
When the Brahma granthi (in the heart) is pierced through by Prâṇâyâma, then a sort of happiness is experienced in the vacuum of the heart, and the anâhat sounds, like various tinkling sounds of ornaments, are heard in the body.
Pancham Sinh - 1915
Man löse den Brahmagranthi, so entsteht im Aether des Herzens (şûnye = hridâkaşe, Com.) Glückseligkeit, und ein mannigfaltiger Laut wird im Körper gehört, ein Anahatadhvani (ein nicht durch Anschlagen hervorgebrachter Laut).
Hermann Walter - 1893
Haṭha Pradīpikā 4.21
दिव्यदेहश्च तेजस्वी दिव्यगन्धस्त्वरोगवान् |
divya-dehaś ca tejasvī; divya-gandhas tv arogavān | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
divya
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
divine
dehaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
body
ca
particle
and
tejasvin
nominative singular masculine
adjective
radiant
divya
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
divine
gandhaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
fragrance
tu
particle
and
arogavān
nominative singular masculine
adjective
free from disease
संपूर्णहृदयः शून्ये त्वारम्भे योगवान्भवेत् ||21||
saṃpūrṇa-hṛdayaḥ śūnye; tv ārambhe yogavān bhavet ||21|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
saṃpūrṇa
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
full
hṛdayaḥ
nominative singular
substantive neuter
heart
śūnye
lokative singular neuter
adjective
in the void
tu
particle
and
ārambhe
lokative singular
substantive masculine
in the beginning stage
yogavān
nominative singular masculine
adjective
endowed with yoga
bhavet
3rd person singular aktive optative
verbal root
becomes
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
At the beginning stage (ārambhe | loc sg), in the void (śūnye | loc sg n), the yogi established in yoga (yogavān | nom sg m) becomes (bhavet | 3p sg act opt) one with a divine body (divya-dehaḥ | nom sg), radiant (tejasvī | nom sg m), divinely fragrant (divya-gandhaḥ | nom sg), free from illness (arogavān | nom sg m), and full in heart (saṃpūrṇa-hṛdayaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
In Ārambha, the practice appears as fullness in the heart. The body becomes divine, radiant, fragrant, and healthy, and the practitioner becomes a yogi.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer
śūnye tv ārambhe MBHDL2026 ] śūnya ārambho NS1882
Critical Apparatus
In the ârambha, a Yogî's body becomes divine, glowing, healthy, and emits a divine swell. The whole of his heart becomes void.
Pancham Sinh - 1915
Wer einen schönen Körper hat, strahlend ist, herrlichen Geruch ausströmt, gesund ist und dessen Herz (mit Wonne, Com.) gefüllt ist, der Yogin wird im Aether des Herzens (selbst) zum Arambhanada.
Hermann Walter - 1893
Haṭha Pradīpikā 4.22
द्वितीयायां घटीकृत्य वायुर्भवति मध्यगः |
dvitīyāyāṃ ghaṭī-kṛtya; vāyur bhavati madhya-gaḥ | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
dvitīyā
lokative singular feminine
adjective
in the second
ghaṭī
upapada-compound
substantive feminine
union, vessel
kṛtya
absolutus
verbal root
having become
vāyuḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
breath, wind
bhavati
3rd person singular aktive present
verbal root
becomes
madhya
tatpuruṣa-compound accusative
substantive neuter
in the middle
ga
nominative singular masculine
adjective
moving
दृढासनो भवेद्योगी ज्ञानी देवसमस्तदा ||22||
dṛḍhāsano bhaved yogī; jñānī deva-samas tadā ||22|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
dṛḍha
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
firm
āsanaḥ
nominative singular masculine
substantive neuter
posture
bhavet
3rd person singular aktive optative
verbal root
becomes
yogī
nominative singular
substantive masculine
the yogin
jñānī
nominative singular
substantive masculine
knowing
deva
tatpuruṣa-compound dative
substantive masculine
divine
samaḥ
nominative singular masculine
adjective
equal
tadā
adverb
then
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
In the second stage (dvitīyāyām | loc sg f), after integration has been effected (ghaṭī-kṛtya | abs), the breath-wind (vāyuḥ | nom sg) becomes (bhavati | 3p sg act pres) one that moves in the middle (madhya-gaḥ | nom sg m). Then (tadā) the yogi (yogī | nom sg) becomes (bhavet | 3p sg act opt) firm in posture (dṛḍha-āsanaḥ | nom sg m), knowledgeable (jñānī | nom sg), and equal to a god (deva-samaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
At the Ghaṭa stage, the breath is gathered in the middle channel. From this arise stability, knowledge, and an inner power equal to that of a god.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

Ghaṭa, “vessel” or “integration,” denotes the coming together of Prāṇa and Apāna, Nāda and Bindu, and the individual and supreme self. The “middle” now means the Viśuddhi center at the throat. Firmness of body and knowledge is regarded as a consequence of these concentrated inner forces.

Brahmānanda's Jyotsnā - 19th c.
In the second stage, the airs are united into one and begin moving in the middle channel. The Yogî's posture becomes firm, and he becomes wise like a god.
Pancham Sinh - 1915
In der zweiten (avastha) ist der Athem nach Vereinigung (von prâņa und apâna) im mittleren (cakra) befindlich. Dadurch wird der Yogin, der unbeweglich in seiner Stellung verharrt, wissend und gottgleich.
Hermann Walter - 1893
Haṭha Pradīpikā 4.23
विष्णुग्रन्थेस्तदा भेदात् परमानन्दसूचकः |
viṣṇu-granthes tadā bhedāt; paramānanda-sūcakaḥ | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
viṣṇu
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
of Viṣṇu
grantheḥ
genitive singular
substantive masculine
of the knot
tadā
adverb
then
bhedāt
ablative singular
substantive masculine
through piercing
parama
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
supreme
ānanda
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
bliss
sūcakaḥ
nominative singular masculine
adjective
indicating
अतिशून्ये विमर्दश्च भेरीशब्दस्तदा भवेत् ||23||
atiśūnye vimardaś ca; bherī-śabdas tadā bhavet ||23|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
atiśūnye
lokative singular neuter
adjective
in the great void
vimardaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
reverberation
ca
particle
and
bherī
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive feminine
of the large drum
śabdaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
sound
tadā
adverb
then
bhavet
3rd person singular aktive optative
verbal root
arises
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Then (tadā), through the piercing (bhedāt | abl sg) of the Viṣṇu knot (viṣṇu-grantheḥ | gen sg), an indication of supreme joy (parama-ānanda-sūcakaḥ | nom sg m) arises. In the great void (atiśūnye | loc sg n), there then (tadā) arises (bhavet | 3p sg act opt) a reverberation (vimardaḥ | nom sg) and (ca) the sound of a Bherī drum (bherī-śabdaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
When the Viṣṇu knot is pierced, a deep reverberation like a great drum announces supreme joy.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer
viṣṇugranthes tadā bhedāt MBHDL2026 ] viṣṇugranthes tato bhedāt NS1882
Critical Apparatus
By this means the Viṣṇu knot (in the throat) is pierced, which is indicated by the highest pleasure experienced, and then the Bherî sound (like the beating of a kettle drum) is evolved in the vacuum in the throat.
Pancham Sinh - 1915
In Folge des Lösens des Vishnugranthi entsteht im Aether des Halses ein trommelartiger Laut, ein Zusammenstossen mehrerer Laute (vimarda = anekanâdasammarda, Com.), welches die höchste Glückseligkeit ankündigt.
Hermann Walter - 1893
Haṭha Pradīpikā 4.24
तृतीयायां ततो भित्त्वा विहायोमर्दलध्वनिः |
tṛtīyāyāṃ tato bhittvā; vihāyo-mardala-dhvaniḥ | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
tṛtīyāyām
lokative singular feminine
adjective
in the third stage
tatas
adverb
then
bhittvā
absolutus
verbal root
having pierced
vihāyas
tatpuruṣa-compound lokative
substantive neuter
in space
mardala
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
of the mardala drum
dhvaniḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
sound
महाशून्यं तदा याति सर्वसिद्धिसमाश्रयम् ||24||
mahā-śūnyaṃ tadā yāti; sarva-siddhi-samāśrayam ||24|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
mahat
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
great
śūnyam
accusative singular
substantive neuter
void
tadā
adverb
then
yāti
3rd person singular aktive present
verbal root
goes, reaches
sarva
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
all
siddhi
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive feminine
supernatural powers
samāśrayam
accusative singular
substantive masculine
support, abode
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
In the third stage (tṛtīyāyām | loc sg f), having then (tatas) pierced through (bhittvā | abs), the sound of a Mardala drum appears in space (vihāyo-mardala-dhvaniḥ | nom sg). Then (tadā) one enters (yāti | 3p sg act pres) the great void (mahā-śūnyam | acc sg), the abode of all accomplishments (sarva-siddhi-samāśrayam | acc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
At the Paricaya stage, the space of sound opens further. The tone of a drum appears, and the yogi reaches the great void as the source of all Siddhis.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

At the third stage, Paricaya, the practitioner hears the sound of a drum in the space between the eyebrows and reaches Mahāśūnya, the “great empty space.” Brahmānanda distinguishes three spaces: Śūnya in the heart, Atiśūnya in the throat, and Mahāśūnya at the forehead. The increasing “emptiness” thus follows an ascending inner topography.

Brahmānanda's Jyotsnā - 19th c.
tato bhittvā vihāyomardaladhvaniḥ MBHDL2026 ] tu vijñeyo vihāyo mardaladhvaniḥ NS1882
Critical Apparatus
In the third stage, the sound of a drum is known to arise in the Śûnya between the eyebrows, and then the Vâyu goes to the Mahâśûnya, which is the home of all the siddhîs.
Pancham Sinh - 1915
In der dritten Avastha ist zu erkennen ein Laut wie von einer Trommel (mardala) im Aether zwischen den Augenbrauen (vihâyasi = bhrûmadhyakaşe, Com.); dann begibt sich (der Athem) zum Mahâşûnya, dem Aufenthaltsort aller übernatürlichen Zauberkräfte.
Hermann Walter - 1893
Haṭha Pradīpikā 4.25
चित्तानन्दं ततो जित्वा सहजानन्दसंभवः |
cittānandaṃ tato jitvā; sahajānanda-saṃbhavaḥ | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
citta
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive neuter
of the mind
ānandam
accusative singular
substantive masculine
bliss
tatas
adverb
then
jitvā
absolutus
verbal root
having overcome
sahaja
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
innate
ānanda
tatpuruṣa-compound ablative
substantive masculine
from bliss
saṃbhavaḥ
nominative singular masculine
adjective
arising
दोषदुःखजरामृत्यु क्षुधानिद्राविवर्जितः ||25||
doṣa-duḥkha-jarā-mṛtyu; kṣudhā-nidrā-vivarjitaḥ ||25|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
doṣa
dvandva-compound
substantive masculine
disorder, disease
duḥkha
dvandva-compound
substantive neuter
suffering
jarā
dvandva-compound
substantive feminine
old age
mṛtyu
dvandva-compound
substantive masculine
death
kṣudhā
dvandva-compound
substantive feminine
hunger
nidrā
dvandva-compound
substantive feminine
sleep
vivarjitaḥ
nominative singular masculine past participle passive
previx
verbal root
free from
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Having then (tatas) overcome (jitvā | abs) the joy of the mind (citta-ānandam | acc sg), innate joy arises (sahaja-ānanda-saṃbhavaḥ | nom sg m). One is free from disease, suffering, old age, death, hunger, and sleep (doṣa-duḥkha-jarā-mṛtyu-kṣudhā-nidrā-vivarjitaḥ | nom sg m ppp).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
At the stage of consummation, even the joy of the mind is transcended. Sahaja Ānanda appears, free from disease, suffering, old age, death, hunger, and sleep.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer
jarāmṛtyu MBHDL2026 ] jarāvyādhi NS1882
Critical Apparatus
Conquering, then, the pleasures of the mind, ecstasy is spontaneously produced which is devoid of evils, pains, old age, disease, hunger and sleep.
Pancham Sinh - 1915
Nachdem der Yogin die Wonne seines Geistes (welche ihn beim blossen Hören dieses Lautes erfüllt) überwunden hat, entsteht in ihm die seiner eigenen Natur entsprungene Wonne; er wird von Störungen der drei humores, Schmerzen, Alter, Krankheit, Hunger und Schlaf befreit.
Hermann Walter - 1893
Haṭha Pradīpikā 4.26
रुद्रग्रन्थिं ततो भित्त्वा सर्वपीठगतो ऽनिलः |
rudra-granthiṃ tato bhittvā; sarva-pīṭha-gato 'nilaḥ | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
rudra
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
of Rudra
granthim
accusative singular
substantive masculine
knot
tatas
adverb
then
bhittvā
absolutus
verbal root
having pierced
sarva
karmadhāraya-compound
adjective
all
pīṭha
tatpuruṣa-compound lokative
substantive neuter
seats
gataḥ
nominative singular masculine past participle passive
verbal root
gone to
anilaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
breath, wind
निष्पत्तौ वैणवः शब्दः क्वणद्वीणाक्वणो भवेत् ||26||
niṣpattau vaiṇavaḥ śabdaḥ; kvaṇad-vīṇā-kvaṇo bhavet ||26|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
niṣpattau
lokative singular
substantive feminine
in completion
vaiṇavaḥ
nominative singular masculine
adjective
flute-like
śabdaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
sound
kvaṇat
karmadhāraya-compound present participle active
verbal root
resonating
vīṇā
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive feminine
of the Vīṇā
kvaṇaḥ
nominative singular
substantive masculine
tone
bhavet
3rd person singular aktive optative
verbal root
may become
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Having then (tatas) pierced (bhittvā | abs) the Rudra knot (rudra-granthim | acc sg), the breath (anilaḥ | nom sg) has entered all seats (sarva-pīṭha-gataḥ | nom sg m ppp). At consummation (niṣpattau | loc sg), the flute-like sound (vaiṇavaḥ śabdaḥ | nom sg) becomes (bhavet | 3p sg act opt) the resonance of a sounding Vīṇā (kvaṇad-vīṇā-kvaṇaḥ | nom sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
In Niṣpatti, the breath penetrates every center. The inner sound becomes subtler, changing from the tone of a flute to the sound of a Vīṇā.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer

Consummation begins with the piercing of the Rudra knot at the Ājñā center. According to Brahmānanda, Prāṇa first rises to Śiva's seat between the eyebrows and finally to Brahmarandhra; the sounds of flute and Vīṇā accompany this stage. When the mind becomes one-pointed within it, the commentary calls this state Rājayoga and also connects it with extraordinary abilities.

Brahmānanda's Jyotsnā - 19th c.
sarvapīṭhagato’nilaḥ MBHDL2026 ] śarvapīṭhagato’nilaḥ NS1882
Critical Apparatus
When the Rudra granthi is pierced and the air enters the seat of the Lord (the space between the eyebrows), then the perfect sound like that of a flute is produced.
Pancham Sinh - 1915
Wenn der Rudragranthi gelöst und der Athem am Sarvapîtha (= Brahmarandhra, Com.) angelangt ist, und in der Nishpatti-avastha ein flötenartiger Laut wie der Ton einer klingenden Laute entsteht, dann wird das auf das Eine gerichtete Denken Râjayoga genannt, und der Yogin fasst gleich Siva in sich die ganze Schöpfung zusammen.
Hermann Walter - 1893
Haṭha Pradīpikā 4.27
एकीभूतं तदा चित्तं राजयोगाभिधायकम् |
ekī-bhūtaṃ tadā cittaṃ; rāja-yogābhidhāyakam | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
ekī
upapada-compound
ekī
previx
becoming one
bhūtam
nominative accusative singular neuter past participle passive
verbal root
become
tadā
adverb
then
cittam
nominative accusative singular
substantive neuter
mind
rāja
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
royal
yoga
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
yoga
abhidhāyakam
nominative accusative singular neuter
adjective
designated, called
सृष्टिसंहारकर्तासौ योगीश्वरसमो भवेत् ||27||
sṛṣṭi-saṃhāra-kartāsau; yogīśvara-samo bhavet ||27|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
sṛṣṭi
dvandva-compound
substantive neuter
creation
saṃhāra
dvandva-compound
substantive neuter
dissolution
kartā
nominative singular
substantive masculine
maker
asau
nominative singular masculine
pronoun
this one
yogin
tatpuruṣa-compound genitive
substantive masculine
of yogins
īśvara
tatpuruṣa-compound dative
substantive masculine
lord
samaḥ
nominative singular masculine
adjective
equal
bhavet
3rd person singular aktive optative
verbal root
becomes
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
When the mind (cittam | nom acc sg) has then (tadā) become one (ekī-bhūtam | nom acc sg n ppp), this is designated Rājayoga (rāja-yoga-abhidhāyakam | nom acc sg n). This (asau | nom sg m) yogi becomes (bhavet | 3p sg act opt) a creator and dissolver (sṛṣṭi-saṃhāra-kartā | nom sg), equal to the Lord of yogis (yogī-īśvara-samaḥ | nom sg m).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
When the mind has become completely one, this state is called Rājayoga. The yogi gains the power to create and dissolve.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer
rājayogābhidhāyakam MBHDL2026 ] rājayogābhidhānakam NS1882
Critical Apparatus
The union of the mind and the sound is called the Râja-Yoga. The (real) Yogî becomes the creator and destroyer of the universe, like God.
Pancham Sinh - 1915

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