Notes on the forms
You learn each pattern through fixed example words. Model forms follow the rules of the cited grammar; attested forms refer to examples given there. Parasmaipada and Ātmanepada are two sets of personal endings. A form’s meaning depends on its context, and the game offers one possible translation. Highlights help you compare forms. In Vedic tables, you practise the filled cells. Links from participles take you to suitable declension tables.
be
| Persons | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd person |
āsīt · आसीत्
Model form
he / she / it was
|
āstām · आस्ताम्
Model form
they both were
|
āsan · आसन्
Model form
they were
|
| 2nd person |
āsīḥ · आसीः
Model form
you were
|
āstam · आस्तम्
Model form
you both were
|
āsta · आस्त
Model form
you were
|
| 1st person |
āsam · आसम्
Model form
I was
|
āsva · आस्व
Model form
we both were
|
āsma · आस्म
Model form
we were
|
The forms follow Whitney’s formation rules. Compare the highlighted parts to see how each form changes. The translation gives one possible meaning; the sentence provides the context.
Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 636
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