Notes on the forms
You learn each pattern through fixed example words. Model forms follow the rules of the cited grammar; attested forms refer to examples given there. Parasmaipada and Ātmanepada are two sets of personal endings. A form’s meaning depends on its context, and the game offers one possible translation. Highlights help you compare forms. In Vedic tables, you practise the filled cells. Links from participles take you to suitable declension tables.
be
| Persons | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd person |
astu · अस्तु
Model form
may he / she / it be
|
stām · स्ताम्
Model form
may they both be
|
santu · सन्तु
Model form
may they be
|
| 2nd person |
edhi · एधि
Model form
may you be
|
stam · स्तम्
Model form
may you both be
|
sta · स्त
Model form
may you be
|
| 1st person |
asāni · असानि
Model form
may I be
|
asāva · असाव
Model form
may we both be
|
asāma · असाम
Model form
may we be
|
The forms follow Whitney’s formation rules. Compare the highlighted parts to see how each form changes. The translation gives one possible meaning; the sentence provides the context.
Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 636
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