Handwritten Devanāgarī lines on a manuscript page.
Notes on the forms

You learn each pattern through fixed example words. Model forms follow the rules of the cited grammar; attested forms refer to examples given there. Parasmaipada and Ātmanepada are two sets of personal endings. A form’s meaning depends on its context, and the game offers one possible translation. Highlights help you compare forms. In Vedic tables, you practise the filled cells. Links from participles take you to suitable declension tables.

Present participle · middle

Present participle · middle
Source formDerived formFormation and meaning
bhū
bhavamāna · भवमान Model form
Present middle participle · stembecomingStudy the corresponding declension
duh
duhāna · दुहान Model form
Present middle participle · stemmilkingStudy the corresponding declension
dviṣ
dviṣāṇa · द्विषाण Model form
Present middle participle · stemhatingStudy the corresponding declension
ās
āsīna · आसीन Model form
Present middle participle · stemsittingStudy the corresponding declension
hu
juhvāna · जुह्वान Model form
Present middle participle · stemofferingStudy the corresponding declension

Here you practise how the form is built from the verb. For participles, you first learn the stem. Follow the links to suitable masculine declension patterns to study their inflected forms.

Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 619, 655, 741

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