Notes on the forms
You learn each pattern through fixed example words. Model forms follow the rules of the cited grammar; attested forms refer to examples given there. Parasmaipada and Ātmanepada are two sets of personal endings. A form’s meaning depends on its context, and the game offers one possible translation. Highlights help you compare forms. In Vedic tables, you practise the filled cells. Links from participles take you to suitable declension tables.
hold
| Persons | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd person |
dhārayatām · धारयताम्
Model form
may he / she / it hold
|
dhārayetām · धारयेताम्
Model form
may they both hold
|
dhārayantām · धारयन्ताम्
Model form
may they hold
|
| 2nd person |
dhārayasva · धारयस्व
Model form
may you hold
|
dhārayethām · धारयेथाम्
Model form
may you both hold
|
dhārayadhvam · धारयध्वम्
Model form
may you hold
|
| 1st person |
dhārayai · धारयै
Model form
may I hold
|
dhārayāvahai · धारयावहै
Model form
may we both hold
|
dhārayāmahai · धारयामहै
Model form
may we hold
|
The forms follow Whitney’s formation rules. Compare the highlighted parts to see how each form changes. The translation gives one possible meaning; the sentence provides the context.
Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 1041–1043 · William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 733–742
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