Handwritten Devanāgarī lines on a manuscript page.
Notes on the forms

You learn each pattern through fixed example words. Model forms follow the rules of the cited grammar; attested forms refer to examples given there. Parasmaipada and Ātmanepada are two sets of personal endings. A form’s meaning depends on its context, and the game offers one possible translation. Highlights help you compare forms. In Vedic tables, you practise the filled cells. Links from participles take you to suitable declension tables.

seize

grabh · Pluperfect · Indicative · Parasmaipada · Vedic
PersonsSingularDualPlural
3rd person
ajagrabhīt · अजग्रभीत्
he/she/it seized
—Not attested here —Not attested here
2nd person —Not attested here —Not attested here —Not attested here
1st person
ajagrabham · अजग्रभम्
I seized
—Not attested here —Not attested here

Here you practise forms explicitly cited by Whitney. The filled cells show the scope of this selection. The translation gives one possible meaning; the sentence provides the context. “Pluperfect” here describes a formation with an initial a (augment) and repetition of part of the root. The sentence determines its precise time reference.

Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 817–819

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