Notes on the forms
You learn each pattern through fixed example words. Model forms follow the rules of the cited grammar; attested forms refer to examples given there. Parasmaipada and Ātmanepada are two sets of personal endings. A form’s meaning depends on its context, and the game offers one possible translation. Highlights help you compare forms. In Vedic tables, you practise the filled cells. Links from participles take you to suitable declension tables.
Gerundive · anīya
| Source form | Derived form | Formation and meaning |
|---|---|---|
| kṛ |
karaṇīya · करणीय
Model form |
Adjective in anīya · stemto be doneStudy the corresponding declension |
| upa + jīv |
upajīvanīya · उपजीवनीय
Model form |
Adjective in anīya · stemproviding a livelihoodStudy the corresponding declension |
| ā + mantr |
āmantraṇīya · आमन्त्रणीय
Model form |
Adjective in anīya · stemto be consultedStudy the corresponding declension |
Here you practise how the form is built from the verb. For participles, you first learn the stem. Follow the links to suitable masculine declension patterns to study their inflected forms. karaṇīya means “to be done” and illustrates the use of a gerundive. The two earlier examples from the Atharvaveda follow the same formation. Whitney considers their specifically gerundive meaning uncertain.
Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 965
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