Notes on the forms
You learn each pattern through fixed example words. Model forms follow the rules of the cited grammar; attested forms refer to examples given there. Parasmaipada and Ātmanepada are two sets of personal endings. A form’s meaning depends on its context, and the game offers one possible translation. Highlights help you compare forms. In Vedic tables, you practise the filled cells. Links from participles take you to suitable declension tables.
be
| Persons | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd person |
āsa · आस
Model form
he / she / it was
|
āsatuḥ · आसतुः
Model form
they both were
|
āsuḥ · आसुः
Model form
they were
|
| 2nd person |
āsitha · आसिथ
Model form
you were
|
āsathuḥ · आसथुः
Model form
you both were
|
āsa · आस
Model form
you were
|
| 1st person |
āsa · आस
Model form
I was
|
āsiva · आसिव
Model form
we both were
|
āsima · आसिम
Model form
we were
|
The forms follow Whitney’s formation rules. Compare the highlighted parts to see how each form changes. The translation gives one possible meaning; the sentence provides the context.
Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 800 m
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