Notes on the forms
You learn each pattern through fixed example words. Model forms follow the rules of the cited grammar; attested forms refer to examples given there. Parasmaipada and Ātmanepada are two sets of personal endings. A form’s meaning depends on its context, and the game offers one possible translation. Highlights help you compare forms. In Vedic tables, you practise the filled cells. Links from participles take you to suitable declension tables.
hate
| Persons | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd person |
dviṣṭām · द्विष्टाम्
Model form
may he / she / it hate
|
dviṣātām · द्विषाताम्
Model form
may they both hate
|
dviṣatām · द्विषताम्
Model form
may they hate
|
| 2nd person |
dvikṣva · द्विक्ष्व
Model form
may you hate
|
dviṣāthām · द्विषाथाम्
Model form
may you both hate
|
dviḍḍhvam · द्विड्ढ्वम्
Model form
may you hate
|
| 1st person |
dveṣai · द्वेषै
Model form
may I hate
|
dveṣāvahai · द्वेषावहै
Model form
may we both hate
|
dveṣāmahai · द्वेषामहै
Model form
may we hate
|
The forms follow Whitney’s formation rules. Compare the highlighted parts to see how each form changes. The translation gives one possible meaning; the sentence provides the context.
Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 617 b
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