Notes on the forms
You learn each pattern through fixed example words. Model forms follow the rules of the cited grammar; attested forms refer to examples given there. Parasmaipada and Ātmanepada are two sets of personal endings. A form’s meaning depends on its context, and the game offers one possible translation. Highlights help you compare forms. In Vedic tables, you practise the filled cells. Links from participles take you to suitable declension tables.
Prefixed absolutive · ya, tya
| Source form | Derived form | Formation and meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ā + dā |
ādāya · आदाय
Model form |
Absolutive with prefix · indeclinablehaving taken |
| vi + ji |
vijitya · विजित्य
Model form |
Absolutive with prefix · indeclinablehaving conquered |
| pra + nam |
praṇamya · प्रणम्य
Model form |
Absolutive with prefix · indeclinablehaving bowed |
| ni + kṛ |
nikṛtya · निकृत्य
Model form |
Absolutive with prefix · indeclinablehaving cut off |
These verb forms keep the same shape in a sentence. The translation gives you one possible meaning; the sentence shows how the form is used. The examples follow the cited formation rules. The source column shows the prefix and root together.
Source: William Dwight Whitney: Sanskrit Grammar (1889), § 990, 992
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