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DYS 32–33: Yama and Niyama
DYS 32–33: Yama and Niyama

Dattātreyayogaśāstra 32–33: Moderate Food and Nonviolence as Core Restraints

From the traditional groups of yamas and niyamas, Dattātreya singles out moderate eating and nonviolence as decisive rules for this practice.

Dr. Ronald Steiner Dr. Ronald Steiner Nils Jacob Liersch Nils Jacob Liersch
Dattātreyayogaśāstra 32
एतेषां लक्षणं वक्ष्ये कर्तव्यं च विशेषतः |
eteṣāṃ lakṣaṇaṃ vakṣye; kartavyaṃ ca viśeṣataḥ | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
eteṣām
genitive plural masculine
etad
pronoun
 of these
lakṣaṇam
accusative singular
lakṣaṇa
substantive neuter
 the defining feature
vakṣye
1st person singular medial future
vac
verbal root
 I shall teach
kartavyam
accusative singular neuter future participle passive
kṛ
verbal root
 what is to be done
ca
ca
particle
 and
viśeṣataḥ
viśeṣatas
adverb
 in particular
यमा ये दश संप्रोक्ता ऋषिभिस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः ||32||
yamā ye daśa saṃproktā; ṛṣibhis tattva-darśibhiḥ ||32|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
yamāḥ
nominative plural
yama
substantive masculine
 restraints
ye
nominative plural masculine
yad
pronoun rel
 which
daśa
nominative plural masculine
daśa
numeral
 ten
saṃproktāḥ
nominative plural masculine past participle passive
sam
previx
pra
previx
vac
verbal root
 are proclaimed
ṛṣibhiḥ
instrumental case plural
ṛṣi
substantive masculine
 by the seers
tattva
tatpuruṣa-compound accusative
tattva
substantive neuter
 of reality
darśibhiḥ
instrumental case plural masculine
darśin
adjective
 by seers
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
I shall explain the defining features of these [techniques] (eteṣāṃ lakṣaṇaṃ vakṣye) and, in particular, what is to be done (kartavyaṃ ca viśeṣataḥ). The seers who see reality (ṛṣibhis tattva-darśibhiḥ | ins pl) have proclaimed ten Yamas (yamā ye daśa saṃproktāḥ).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
The text now explains the characteristics and performance of these techniques. The seers who perceive reality also teach ten Yamas.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer
saṃproktā JM2024 ] samproktā DYŚ
Critical Apparatus
Dattātreyayogaśāstra 33
लघ्वाहारस्तु तेष्वेको मुख्यो भवति नापरे |
laghv-āhāras tu teṣv eko; mukhyo bhavati nāpare | Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
laghu
karmadhāraya-compound
laghu
adjective
 light
āhāraḥ
nominative singular
āhāra
substantive masculine
 food
tu
tu
particle
 indeed
teṣu
lokative plural masculine
tad
pronoun
 among them
ekaḥ
nominative singular masculine
eka
numeral
 the one
mukhyaḥ
nominative singular masculine
mukhya
adjective
 the foremost
bhavati
3rd person singular aktive present
bhū
verbal root
 is
na
na
particle
 not
apare
nominative plural masculine
apara
adjective
 the others
अहिंसा नियमेष्वेका मुख्या भवति सांकृते ||33||
ahiṃsā niyameṣv ekā; mukhyā bhavati sāṃkṛte ||33|| Analysis ▾ Analysis ▴
ahiṃsā
nominative singular
ahiṃsā
substantive feminine
 nonviolence
niyameṣu
lokative plural
niyama
substantive masculine
 among the observances
ekā
nominative singular feminine
eka
numeral
 the one
mukhyā
nominative singular feminine
mukhya
adjective
 the foremost
bhavati
3rd person singular aktive present
bhū
verbal root
 is
sāṃkṛte
vokative singular
sāṃkṛti
substantive masculine
 O Sāṃkṛti
Metre: Anuṣṭubh
Among these [Yamas], light diet (laghvāhāraḥ | nom sg) is the one foremost rule, not the others (teṣv eko mukhyo bhavati nāpare). Among the Niyamas, nonviolence (ahiṃsā | nom sg f) is the one foremost rule (niyameṣv ekā mukhyā bhavati), O Sāṃkṛti (sāṃkṛte | voc sg).
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - historically literal
Among the Yamas, a light diet is treated as the foremost rule; among the Niyamas, the text singles out nonviolence.
Dr. Ronald Steiner - 2026 - modern transfer
sāṃkṛte JM2024 ] nāpare DYŚ
Critical Apparatus

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Dr. Ronald Steiner

Dr. Ronald Steiner

From Ulm

The "Yoga Doc" - Dr. Ronald Steiner is the founder of the AYI method. This method links traditional Ashtanga Yoga with innovative Yogatherapy and living Philosophy. This forms a practice that is personal for each and... more ›

Nils Jacob Liersch

Nils Jacob Liersch

Meine Begeisterung für Yoga, indische Philosophie und Sanskrit führte mich zum Studium der Indologie und Religionswissenschaft an der Universität Heidelberg. Seit 2004 befinde ich mich auf meinem persönlichen Yogaweg... more ›

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